Standard English is the variety of
English which is usually used in print and winch is normally taught in schools
and to non-native speakers leaning the language. It is also the variety which is
normally{{U}} (71) {{/U}}by educated people and used in news broadcasts
and other{{U}} (72) {{/U}}situations. The difference between standard
and nonstandard, it should be noted, has{{U}} (73) {{/U}}in principle to
do with differences between formal and colloquial{{U}} (74) {{/U}};
standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants. {{U}}
(75) {{/U}}, the standard variety of English is based on the London{{U}}
(76) {{/U}}of English that developed after the Norman Conquest
resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect
became the one{{U}} (77) {{/U}}by the educated, and it was developed and
promoted{{U}} (78) {{/U}}a model, or norm, for wider and wider segments
of society. It was also the{{U}} (79) {{/U}}that was carried overseas,
but not one unaffected by such export. Today, {{U}}(80) {{/U}}English is
arranged to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are{{U}}
(81) {{/U}}the same everywhere in the world where English is used;
{{U}}(82) {{/U}}among local standards is really quite minor,
{{U}}(83) {{/U}}the Singapore, South Africa, and Irish varieties have
very{{U}} (84) {{/U}}difference from one another so far as grammar and
vocabulary are{{U}} (85) {{/U}}. Indeed, Standard English is so powerful
that it exerts a tremendous{{U}} (86) {{/U}}on all local varieties, to
the extent that many long-established dialects of England have{{U}} (87)
{{/U}}much of their vigor and there is considerable pressure on them to
be{{U}} (88) {{/U}}. This latter situation is not unique{{U}} (89)
{{/U}}English: it is also true in other countries where processes of
standardization are{{U}} (90) {{/U}}. But it sometimes creates problems
for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and
national, even supranational (跨国的) ones.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】语意搭配题。speak意为“说话”，着重开口发声，不强调所说的内容，一般为不及物动词；作为及物动词时，宾语只能是语言(如Chinese/English)、真话(truth)等少数的词，不能接that名词性从句，例如：I have heard him speak of you．原句出现的宾语English说明，此处选项D spoken正确。选项A say意为“说出，说道”，强调所说的话，用直接引语时只能用say，例如：He said little that we didn't know yet．选项B tell意为“告诉”，兼有嘱托，命令之意，除了较少的情况，如tell the truth/a lie之外，一般后面接双宾语，tell sb．sth．/to do sth．或tell sb．about sth．，例如：She told me to wait for her．选项C talk与speak意思相近，一般也用作不及物动词；用作及物动词时，宾语只能是某国语言；nonsense等词，但talk含有“话是对某人说的”意思；有较强的对答、讨论意味，例如：He went on talking for a long time, but he spoke so fast that few of us could catch what he said．
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】语意搭配题。similar意为“类似的，想像的，不是同一的”，例如：The two houses are very similar in appearance．原句谈及标准英语使用的情况或场合，由other一词可知这种场合不是与news broadcasts一样的场合，而是相似的场合，故选项B similar正确。选项A same意为“相同的，同一的”，例如：The same mistake occurs three times in the paragraph．同样的错误出现了三次。选项C equal意为“(事物在数量价值方面)相等的，平等的，胜任的”，例如：He was equal to the occasion．他能应付这场面。选项D identical意为“同一的，完全相同的”，例如：It's the identical coat which was stolen from me．句意：它通常指用于印刷品的书面英语，在学校里所教授的英语。它也指那些受过教育的人所使用的英语。标准英语也常常用于新闻广播或其他类似的场合。
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】词语搭配题。have sth．/nothing to do with意为“与…有(无)关”，例如：It had nothing to do with the committee's decision．根据原文意思，标准英语既有正式语言也有口语，因此，从原则上来说，标准英语与非标准英语之间的差别与正式英语与口语之间的差别没有关系，故选项C nothing正确。其他选项： A anything，B something和D everything均与句意不符。
【答案解析】语意搭配题。Historically意为“在历史上”，根据上下文意思，前面谈的是标准英语是什么，下文谈到标准英语的起源，故选项B Historically正确。选项A Surprisingly意为“令人吃惊地”；选项C Interestingly意为“令人感到有趣的是”；选项D Generally意为“一般地，通常”，例如：Generally, he doesn't take medicine，but sometimes he does．又如：It's generally believed that...(人们普遍认为…)。
【答案解析】语意搭配题。prefer意为“比较喜欢”，例如：He prefers to work alone．根据上下文的意思，上文谈到标准英语从伦敦方言发展而来，而受过教育的人们使用的是标准英语，那么，伦敦英语肯定曾经受过这些人青睐(prefer)，喜欢该语言并喜欢使用它，故选项A preferred正确。选项B learned(被学习的)；选项 C praised(被赞扬的)，没有体现出人们爱用伦敦方言的意味；选项D created(被创造的)，伦敦方言并不是由受过教育的人创造出来的。
【答案解析】语意搭配题。norm意为“标准”，例如：One child per family is becoming the norm in some countries．根据上下文，前面谈到伦敦方言已经发展成为一种标准(norm)，下文提及正是这个norm漂洋过海，传到海外，因此选项B norm正确。其他选项：A basis基础；C rule规则；D variety变体，均不符合题意。句意：这种标准后来漂洋过海，传到了海外。但在传播过程中它并非一成不变。
【答案解析】词语搭配题。much the same表示差不多，几乎一样，例如：The patient is much the same．根据原文句意：世界各地所用的语法和词汇基本相同，故选项C much正确。选项A not不，表示否定意味，与题意不符；选项B very不与same连用；选项D hardly几乎不，与题意相反。
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】语意搭配题。variation意为“变化”，如生物学中的变种，音乐上的变调，例如：(1) The same story was told, with slight variations, of many legendary heroes．(2) The variations of temperature in that district are very great．同源名词variety意为“[不可数名词]多样性；[可数名词]同类的不同品种”，例如：There are numerous varieties of tree peonies(牡丹)．又如：the tremendous variety of the themes；根据上下文，前文谈到世界各地所用的语法及词汇基本相同，各地之间的差异就应该很小，此处差异即A variation。选项B standardization标准化，与下文的minor搭配不当；选项C unification意为“联合，统一”，不合题意，例如：different states need unification．选项D transformation意为“转变”，原指形式的改变，引申为性质、特点的改变，例如：the social and political transformation of a country．用在语言学里，指句子结构的转换，与题意不符。
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】语法题。so that连词，引导结果状语从句，根据句子意思，前半句讲地区差异很少，下半句讲新加坡、南非等地的英语差别不大，是前半句的结果，故选项C so that正确。选项A therefore副词，表示因果，例如：Those people have their umbrellas up; therefore, it must be raining．选项B but但是；选项D nevertheless“然而”，表示转折状语从句，例如：He was very tired; nevertheless, he kept working．
【答案解析】词语搭配题。as far as... be concerned意为“就…而言”，例如：As far as I am concerned, I cannot object to your decision．此题属固定搭配，故选项B concerned正确。．选项A talked(谈论)，不符合题意；选项C mentioned提到，例如：He casually mentioned that he was leaving his job．选项D involved意为“涉及，卷入，牵涉”，常与in/with搭配，例如：Winning the game involves both skill and fortune．想赢这场比赛，既要技巧也要运气。句意：现在，在使用英语的地方，标准英语已经达到了语法和词汇基本相同的程度，各地之间的地方差异很小。因此，就语法和词汇而言，新加坡、南非以及爱尔兰的英语并没有什么不同。
【答案解析】语意搭配题。lose one's vigor意为“失去活力”，根据句子意思：地方英语受到标准英语的影响，许多使用很久的方言失去了活力，故选项A lost正确。选项B gained获得和选项D got与句意不符；选项C missed意为“错失(因各种原因)”，例如：I hate missing the beginning of a film．
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】语意搭配题。standardize意为“标准化”，根据上下文意思可知，那些使用很久的方言(有特点的地方性语言)失去了活力，并面临着被标准化的压力，故选项C standardized正确。选项A abandoned意为“被遗弃，放弃”，例如：The village had already been abandoned．又如：abandon one's attempt to do放弃做…的意图；选项B changed改变；选项D reformed意为“变革”，有“变化”之意，但用在此处不够准确。句意：事实上，标准英语非常强大。它对于英语的所有地方变体都有着巨大的影响，以至于英格兰一些形成已久的方言也丧失了活力并且面临着被标准化的巨大压力。
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】同语搭配题。be unique to意为“独一无二的”，例如：None of these social problems is unique to this country．其他选项：A in，B of和C for均不符合题意。
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】语意搭配题。under way意为“在进行中”，例如：We have several projects under way．根据原文意思，在标准化进程实行的过程中，故选项B under way正确。选项A in the way意为“挡道的，妨碍人的”，例如： If you're not going to help, at least don't get in the way．选项C out of the way意为“不挡道的，得到解决的”，例如：While the fight was going on, he tried to keep out of the way．选项D all the way意为“一直地，完全地”，例如：I ran all the way to the office．句意：后者的情况不仅仅发生在英国。别的一些正在进行英语标准化的国家也存在这种情况。