单选题
If you know exactly what you want, the best route to a job is to get specialized training. A recent survey shows that companies like the graduates in such fields as business and health care who can go to work immediately with very little on-the-job training.
That"s especially true of booing fields that are challenging for workers. At Cornell"s School of Hotel Administration, for example, bachelor"s degree graduates get an average of four or five job offers with salaries ranging from the high teens to the low 20s and plenty of chances for rapid advancement. Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience.
But in the long run, too much specialization doesn"t pay off. Business, which has been flooded with MBAs, no longer considers the degree an automatic stamp of approval. The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years.
As further evidence of the erosion (销蚀) of corporate faith in specialized degrees, Michigan State"s Scheetz cites a pattern in corporate hiring practices. Although companies tend to take on specialists as new hires, they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management. "They want someone who isn"t constrained by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture," says Scheetz.
This sounds suspiciously like a formal statement that you approve of the liberal-arts graduate. Time and again labor-market analysts mention a need for talents that liberal-arts majors are assumed to have: writing and communication skills, organizational skills, open-mindedness and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problems. David Birch claims he does not hire anybody with an MBA or an engineering degree, "I hire only liberal-arts people because they have a less-than-canned way of doing things," says Birch. Liberal-arts means an academically thorough and strict program that includes litera-ture, history, mathematics, economics, science, human behavior—plus a computer course or two. With that under your belt, you can feel free to specialize, "A liberal-arts degree coupled with an MBA or some other technical training is a very good combination in the marketplace," says Scheetz.
单选题
What kinds of people are in high demand on the job market?
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】细节题。文章第二段指出：Large companies, especially, like a background of formal education coupled with work experience.由此可见公司喜欢的是既接受了正规教育又有工作经验的人。所以C项符合题意。
单选题
By saying "...but the impact of a degree washes out after five years" (Line 3, Para. 3), the author means ______.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】推理题。文章第三段指出：The MBA may open doors and command a higher salary initially, but the impact of a degree washes out after five years.在开始阶段MBA意味着机会和高薪，但五年后，它的影响就不复存在。同时文章第四段也指出：they often seek out generalists for middle and upper-level management.公司通常找通才来进行中高层管理。所以B项符合题意。
单选题
According to Scheetz"s statement (Lines 4～5, Para. 4), companies prefer ______.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】推理题。文章第四段指出：虽然公司招收的是专才，但是他们真正要寻找的是适合中高级管理层的通才。someone who isn"t constrained by nuts and bolts to look at the big picture，由此可知通才是指能从大局出发，不被困难限制的人。所以A项符合题意。
单选题
David Birch claims that he only hires liberal-arts people because ______.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】推理题。文章第五段指出：文科毕业生的优势是open-mindedness and adaptability, and the ability to analyze and solve problem等。David看重的是文科毕业生have a less-than-canned way of doing things，也就是随机应变的能力。所以A项符合题意。
单选题
Which of the following statements does the author support?
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】细节题。文章前两段谈到在就业市场中，受过专业培训的人容易找到工作，但是在第三段开头转折了话题：But in the long run, too much specialization doesn"t pay off.从长远看，公司更需要的是通才而非专才。所以D项符合题意。