Explain the rules and principles underlying the ungrammaticality or inappropriateness involved in the following sentences.
It was not until they got accepted into the Project that we found the growing corruption emerged in the past few years.
There is something grammatically wrong in this sentence. The object clause “the growing corruption emerged in the past few years” should be in past perfect tense. The whole sentence is an emphasizing structure of “not…until” sentence pattern. The meaning of this sentence is that we didn’t find the growing corruption had emerged in the past few years until they got accepted into the Project. The growing corruption has already occurred at the time when we find, therefore, the clause should be in perfect tense. And because the time when we find was a past point and the time adverbial “in the past few years” is also a clue, the correct form should be past perfect tense. So the sentence should be corrected as “It was not until they got accepted into the Project that we found the growing corruption had emerged in the past few years”.
Railway officials, like their political bosses in Moscow, were apt to muse at the brilliant future in order to escape from pressing current problems.
There is something wrong with the sequence of adjectives in this sentence. When there are more than one adjective to modify a noun, the adjectives are not arranged randomly. In this sentence, pressing and current are both used to modify the noun “problems”. The word “pressing” means needing to be dealt with immediately. It describes the nature of problems. The word “current” means happening at the present time. It serves as a time adverbial to add supplementary information to the noun “problems”. Hence, we can see, “pressing” has closer relationship than “current” with the noun “problems”, so it should be put directly in front of “problems”. And the correct sentence should be “Railway officials, like their political bosses in Moscow, were apt to muse at the brilliant future in order to escape from current pressing problems”.