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Participant observation also reflects
anthropology's dual nature as both a scientific and a humanistic discipline.
Through the stress on the participation and getting the insider's view,
anthropologists{{U}} (61) {{/U}}necessity become personally involved
with their subjects. They show a humanistic concern{{U}} (62) {{/U}}the
people they study, and{{U}} (63) {{/U}}their attempts to understand and
describe people's behavior they help give outsiders a rich appreciation for
other people and others' ways.{{U}} (64) {{/U}}, with its stress on
observation, anthropologists strive to fulfill the requirements of a scientific
discipline. Anthropologists strive for objectivity and accuracy. They often{{U}}
(65) {{/U}}count, for example, the number of times specific behavior
patterns occur under certain circumstances; they use this data for empirical
studies{{U}} (66) {{/U}}integrate their observations into general laws
of human behavior.
Understanding anthropology requires
understanding its dual nature. Perhaps the following two inelegant{{U}} (67)
{{/U}}useful terms borrowed from linguistics will help. Emit refers to the
array of categories (and their systematic relationships) through which the
bearers of a particular culture perceive the world. Epic{{U}} (68)
{{/U}}the array of categories (and their systematic relationships) used by
the Western{{U}} (69) {{/U}}scientists to explain the world.{{U}}
(70) {{/U}}, the emit view is the insiders' view. Pierre's emit view
of his death,{{U}} (71) {{/U}},is that he died from the power of the
sorcerer (魔术师); anthropologist's epic view is that he died from physiological
effects of fear,{{U}} (72) {{/U}}by his belief in the sorcerer. Both
views are{{U}} (73) {{/U}}for the proper circumstances, but
anthropologists requires that they{{U}} (74) {{/U}}clearly distinguished
from each other because they derive from different methodologies, consist of
different kinds of data,{{U}} (75) {{/U}}lead to different types of
knowledge. Together they facilitate a complete understanding of a culture.
Anthropology's uniqueness lies in the fact that it encompasses them both.