单选题
Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes. In the first form, known as primary cooperation, group and individual unite. The group contains nearly all of each individual's life. The rewards of the group's work are shared with each member. There is an interlocking identity of individual, group, and task performed. Means and goals become one, for cooperation itself is valued. While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modern societies. In secondary cooperation, individuals devote only part of their lives to the group. Cooperation itself is not a value. Most members of the group feel loyalty, but the welfare of the group is not the first consideration. Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy the fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power. Business offices and professional athletic teams are examples of secondary cooperation. In the third type, called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic; the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals; it breaks down when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals. This is not, strictly speaking, cooperation at all, and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship.
单选题
What is the author's main purpose in Paragraph 1 of the passage?
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查主旨大意。根据文章第一段“Cooperation is the common endeavor of two or more people to perform a task or reach a jointly cherished goal. Like competition and conflict, there are different forms of cooperation, based on group organization and attitudes.”可知，此段主要是解释Cooperation的定义，随后又作了类比。所以，答案是C。
单选题
The underlined word "cherished" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查推理判断。reach a jointly cherished goal应与or前perform a task同义或近义。后者表示“完成一项任务”，所以前者表示“达到一个共同______的目标”。Prized“有价值的”，based on“基于”，defined“定义”，set up“建立”。比较可知，答案是A。
单选题
In the primary cooperation ______.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第一句及第二句“In the first form, known as primary cooperation, group and individual unite. The group contains nearly all of each individual's life.”可知，答案是B。
单选题
Which of the following statements about primary cooperation is supported by information in the passage?
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查词义理解。根据文章第三段第一句“While primary cooperation is most often characteristic of preliterate societies, secondary cooperation is characteristic of many modern societies.”其中preliterate“文字出现以前的，尚未使用文字的”。所以，答案是D。
单选题
According to the passage, why do people join groups that practice secondary cooperation?
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查推理判断。根据文章第三段倒数第二句“Members perform tasks so that they can separately enjoy the fruits of their cooperation in the form of salary, prestige, or power.”可知，成员完成任务的目的是他们能分别享受到合作的成果，成果是以薪水、威望和权利的形式体现的。所以，答案是B。
单选题
Which of the following is an example of the third form of cooperation as it is defined in Paragraph 4?
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查细节理解。根据文章第四段第一句和第三句“In the third type，called tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals; it breaks down when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals.”可知，在第三级合作或迁就融合性合作中，在共同参与的工作背后存在着潜在的冲突。迁就融合性合作包括采用一致的手段去达到敌对的目的；而当一致的手段无法使得各方达到自己目的时，这种合作就破裂了。内容与选项C“两个竞争的党派会为了击败第三个党而暂时合作”相符，所以答案是C。
单选题
Which of the following is NOT given as a name for the third type of cooperation?
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查是非判断。根据文章第四段第一句及最后一句“In the third type, tertiary cooperation or accommodation, latent conflict underlies the shared work...and hence the somewhat contradictory term antagonistic cooperation is sometimes used for this relationship.”可知，A、B、D三项在文中均有提及，只有C项没有提到。因此，答案为C。
单选题
The underlined word "fragile" in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to ______.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查词义理解。根据最后一段的“The attitudes of the cooperating parties are purely opportunistic; the organization is loose and fragile. Accommodation involves common means to achieve antagonistic goals; it breaks down when the common means cease to aid each party in reaching its goals.”可知，因为and前后连接并列成分，所以fragile和loose是近义词。此外，此词应是loose的近义词。由此得出此词应有“脆弱，松散”之意。fragile意为easily broken，符合题意。因此，答案是B。
单选题
As used throughout the passage, the term "common" is closest in meaning to which of the following?