问答题 在“我”和“我们”之间,是以“他人”作为连接点的。“我”因“他人”而成为“我”;“我们”因“他人”而成为“我们”。当“我们”过度地强化、放大“我”,而舍弃“他人”的时候,“我”便处于四面受敌的孤立无援之中。在我们的传统习性中,“他人”这一概念,更多的情况下,只是一种被供奉的虚设牌位。我们的成语中曾有“以邻为壑”一词,可以佐证;有“只扫自家门前雪,哪管他人瓦上霜”的谚语,可以证言。即便在集体主义理想教育最为鼎盛之时,“他人”不仅未能成为国人的自觉意识,“他人”反而意味着告密、背叛、异己、危险、离间等等。这种体制下的集体主义文化,终于导致了“他人即地狱”的严酷后果。闻“他人”而心颤,近“他人”而丧胆。也许正是由于对“他人”的恐惧,“文革”之后,“我们”迅速土崩瓦解,“我”自仰天长啸——而“他人”却不得不退出公众的视线,淡化为一个可有可无的虚词,成为公民道德的模糊地带。
【正确答案】
【答案解析】"Others" serves as a bridge to connect "me" and "us". "I" am "myself" just because of "others" and "we" become "ourselves" also because of others. When "we" exaggerate the importance of "myself" at the expense of "others", "I" will be embattled and helpless. Based on our traditional ideas, we generally only play lip service to the concept of "others". It can be testified in our idiom "Divert the flood to the neighbor"s courtyard", as well as the proverb "Mind your business and pay no heed to the rest of the world." Even in the climax of collective education, the awareness of "others" also couldn"t be accepted by people, but the word "others" meant revealing secrets, betrayal, enemy, danger and alienation. The collective culture under the system finally resulted in the destructive consequence, which can be expressed as the phrase "Hell is other people". People shiver and feel scared at the mention of "others". Due to the fear, the concept of "us" fell apart after the Cultural Revolution. "I" got triumph while "others" faded away from public concern to become a nominal word with little value for public moral. [解析]
在我们的传统习性中,“他人”这一概念,更多的情况下,只是一种被供奉的虚设牌位。
句子结构较为简单,位置状语“在……中”,主语是“他人”,“这一概念”作同位语,谓语是“只是一种被供奉的虚设牌位”。
Based on our traditional ideas, we generally only play lip service to the concept of "others".
本句包含一个中国特色的表达法“只是一种被供奉的虚设牌位”,在英语国家中没有“牌位”一说,这句话的意思就是“只是表面上毕恭毕敬,口是心非”,在英语中使用“play lip service”,是“口头上说一些好听话”的意思,与原意相符。所以,对于文化缺失的问题,使用意译的办法来解决。
这种体制下的集体主义文化,终于导致了“他人即地狱”的严酷后果。
本句结构简单,主语是“集体主义文化”,谓语动词是“导致”,宾语是“严重后果”,“他人即地狱”作定语。
The collective culture under the system finally resulted in the destructive consequence, which can be expressed as the phrase "Hell is other people".
句中“‘他人即地狱’的严酷后果”,在汉语中是定语结构,但在英文翻译中,不能用of来连接“他人即地狱”和“严重后果”,转化为英文的表达方式就是通过增译“which can be expressed as the phrase”,转化为一个定语从句,符合英文表达习惯。