问答题
{{B}}Directions:{{/B}} Read the following text carefully and then translate
the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly
on the ANSWER SHEET. There is an old saying
that philosophy bakes no bread. It is perhaps equally true that no bread would
ever have been baked without philosophy. For the act of baking implies a
decision on the philosophical issue of whether life is worthwhile at all. Bakers
may not have often asked themselves the question in so many words. {{U}}{{U}}
1 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}But philosophy traditionally has been nothing less than the
attempt to ask and answer, in a formal and disciplined way, the great questions
of life that ordinary men might put to themselves in reflective
moments{{/U}}. In a world of war and change, of principles armed
with bombs and technology searching for principles, the alarming thing is not
what philosophers say but what they fail to say. {{U}}{{U}} 2
{{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}When reason is overturned, blind passions are unrestrained, and
urgent questions mount, men turn for guidance to scientists, sociologists,
politicians, journalists—almost anyone except their traditional guide, the
philosopher{{/U}}. Ironically, the once remote theologians are in closer touch
with humanity's immediate and intense concerns than most philosophers. Many feel
that the "queen of sciences" has been dethroned. Once all
sciences were part of philosophy's domain, but gradually, from physics to
psychology, they seceded and established themselves as independent disciplines.
Above all, for some time now, philosophy itself has been engaged in a vast
revolt against its own past and against its traditional function. {{U}}{{U}}
3 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}This intellectual clearance may well have been necessary, but
as a result contemporary philosophy looks inward at its own problems rather than
outward at men, and philosophizes about philosophy, not about
life{{/U}}. A great many of his colleagues in the U.S. today
would agree with Donald Kalish, chairman of the philosophy department at
U.C.L.A., who says: "There is no system of philosophy to spin out. There are no
ethical truths, there are just clarifications of particular ethical problems.
You are mistaken to think that anyone ever had the answers. There are no
answers." {{U}}{{U}} 4 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}As a result, philosophy today is
bitterly separated, and most of the major philosophy departments and scholarly
journals are the exclusive property of one sect or another{{/U}}.
{{U}}{{U}} 5 {{/U}}{{/U}}{{U}}Chances are, however, that philosophy will learn
to coexist with science and reach is delayed maturity, provided it resolutely
insists on being a separate discipline dealing publicly and intelligibly in
first-order questions{{/U}}. Caution is bound to remain. Instead of one-man
systems, philosophy in the future will probably consist of a dialogue of many
thinkers, each seeking to explore to the fullest one aspect of a common
problem.