German Prime Minister Otto Von Bismarck may be most famous for his (11)________and diplomatic talent, but his contributions to the society include many of today's social insurance programs. During the middle of the 19th century, Germany, along with other European nations, (12)________ an unusual outbreak of workplace deaths and accidents as a result of growing (13)________ . Motivated in part by Christian sympathy for the helpless as well as a practical political impulse to get the created of the socialist labor movement, Bismarck (14)________ the world' s first worker' s compensation law in 1884.
By 1908, the United States was the (15)________ industrial nation in the world that lacked workers' compensation insurance. American's injured workers could seek compensation in a court of law, but they still faced a number of tough legal barriers. (16)________ , employees had to prove that their injuries directly (17)________ employer's lack of care and they themselves were ignorant about potential danger in the workplace. The first state workers' compensation law in this country passed in 1911, and the program soon (18)________ throughout the nation.
After World War II, benefit payments to American workers did not (19)________ the cost of living. In fact, real benefit levels were lower in the 1970s than they were in the 1940s, and in most states the maximum benefit was below the poverty level for a family of four. In 1970, President Richard Nixon set up a national commission to study the problems of workers' compensation. Two years later, the commission issued 19 key recommendations, (20)________ one that called for increasing compensation benefit levels to 100 percent of the states' average weekly wages.
考查形容词辨析。 artistic“ 艺术的 ” , literary“ 文学的 ” , military“ 军事的 ” , economic“ 经济的 ” 。根据常识可知,德国首相奥托 · 冯 · 俾斯麦以他的军事和外交天赋著名。故选 C 。
考查动词辨析。 experiment“ 做实验 ” , explore“ 探索 ” , experience“ 经历 ” , exclude“ 排除,不包括 ” 。德国和其他欧洲国家经历了不寻常的工作场所的死亡和意外事件。故选 C 。
考查名词辨析。 urbanization“ 都市化 ” , revolution“ 革命 ” , evolution“ 进化 ” , industrialization“ 工业化 ” 。根据常识可知,工业化和大机器生产的发展导致工作场所事故的爆发。故选 D 。
考查动词辨析。 discover“ 发现 ” , create“ 创造 ” , uncover“ 揭示 ” , reveal“ 揭露 ” 。奥托 · 冯 · 俾斯麦在 1884 年创建了世界上第一部工人赔偿法。故选B 。
考查形容词辨析。 unique“ 独特的 ” , only“ 唯一的 ” , powerful“ 强大的 ” , most“ 最多的,最大的 ” 。截至 1908 年,美国是唯一没有工人赔偿法的工业化国家。故选 B 。
考查词义辨析。 for example“ 例如 ” , however“ 然而 ” , consequently“ 结果 ” , moreover“ 此外,而且 ” 。空格前面说虽然美国受伤的工人可以在法庭寻求补偿,但他们仍面临很多艰巨的法律障碍。后面举例说明他们面临的具体障碍:工人必须证明他们受伤是由于雇主对他们缺乏关心。故选 A 。
考查动词短语辨析。 result in“ 导致 ” , stand for“ 代表 ” , result from“ 由 …… 引起 ” , deal with“ 处理 ” 。工人必须证明他们受伤是由于雇主对他们缺乏关心。故选 C 。
考查动词辨析。 spread“ 传播,蔓延 ” , promote“ 提升 ” , stretch“ 伸展 ” , place“ 放置 ” 。美国第一部工人赔偿法在 1911 年通过后就迅速传播到整个国家。故选 A 。
考查动词短语辨析。 Put up with“ 容忍 ” , face up to“ 勇于面对 ” , benefit from“ 受益于 ” , keep up with“ 跟上 ” 。根据下文可知,美国工人的福利很低,无法跟上生活的费用。故选 D 。
考查动词辨析。 include“ 包括 ” , insist“ 坚持 ” , install“ 安装 ” , invest“ 投资 ” 。委员会发表了 19 个关键的建议,其中包括号召提高赔偿的水平至州平均周工资的 100 %。故选 A 。