单选题 The idea of building "New Towns" to absorb growth is frequently considered a cure-all for urban problems. It is erroneously assumed that if new residents can be diverted from existing centers, the present urban situation at least will get no worse. It is further and equally erroneously assumed that since European New Towns have been financially and socially successful, we can expect the same sorts of results in the United States.
Present planning, thinking, and legislation will not produce the kinds of New Town that have been successful abroad. It will multiply suburbs or encourage developments in areas where land is cheap and construction profitable rather than where New Towns are genuinely needed.
Such ill-considered projects not only will fail to relieve pressures on existing cities but will, in fact, tend to weaken those cities further by drawing away high-income citizens and increasing the concentration of low-income groups that are unable to provide tax revenues. The remaining taxpayers, accordingly, will face increasing burdens, and industry and commerce will seek escape. Unfortunately, this mechanism is already at work in some metropolitan areas.
The promoters of New Towns so far in the United States have been developers, builders, and financial institutions. The main interest of these promoters is economic gain. Furthermore, federal regulations designed to promote the New Town idea do not consider social needs as the European New Town plans do. In fact, our regulations specify virtually all the ingredients of the typical suburban community, with a bit of political rhetoric thrown in.
A workable American New Town formula should be established as firmly here as the national formula was in Britain. All possible social and governmental innovations as well as financial factors should be thoroughly considered and accommodated in this policy. Its objectives should be clearly stated, and both incentives and penalties should be provided to ensure that the objectives are pursued. If such a policy is developed, then the New Town approach can play an important role in alleviating America's urban problems.

单选题 As revealed in Para. 1, the author considers the American New Town approach ______.
A. atypical B. irrelevant
C. impractical D. unprecedented

单选题 According to the author, the present New Town plan will ______.
A. fail to bring about the intended results
B. produce genuinely needed New Towns
C. bridge the gap between the poor and the rich
D. help resolve the spreading urban problems

单选题 The author believes that the New Town projects will lead to ______.
A. more brisk commercial activities in the cities
B. more low-income people living in the suburbs
C. higher incidence of tax avoidance by industries
D. heavier tax burdens on the remaining citizens

单选题 In the author's opinion, the European New Town plans are superior to the America's in their concern for ______.
A. the typical suburban community B. the interests of the promoters
C. the welfare of the general public D. the government's political achievement

单选题 Which of the following accords with the New Town formula in Britain, according to the passage?
A. The accommodation of all the requests of low-income groups.
B. The consideration of all possible aspects of urban problems.
C. The explanation of all regulations concerning New Towns.
D. The clarification of all the innovations at the national level.