单选题 {{B}}Passage Six{{/B}}
Participant observation also reflects anthropology's dual nature as both a scientific and a humanistic discipline. Through the stress on participation and getting the insider's view, anthropologists of necessity become personally involved with their subjects. They show a humanistic concern for the people they study, and through their attempts to understand and describe people's behavior they help give outsiders a rich appreciation for other people and other ways. Nevertheless, with its stress on observation, anthropologists strive to fulfill the requirements of a scientific discipline. Anthropologists strive for objectivity and accuracy. They often actually count, for example, the number of times specific behavior patterns occur and under what circumstances they use this data for empirical studies that integrate their observations into general laws of human behavior.
Understanding anthropology requires understanding its dual nature. Perhaps two inelegant but useful terms borrowed from linguistics will help. Emic refers to the array of categories (and their systematic relationships) through which the bearers of a particular culture perceive the world. Eric refers to the array of categories (and their systematic relationships) used by Western social scientists to explain the word. In other words, the emic view is the insider's, the participant's view, and the etic is the outsider's, the scientific observer's view. Pierre's emic view of his death, for exam- pie, is that he died from the power of the sorcerer; the anthropologist's "etic view" is that he died from physiological effects of fear, induced by his belief in the sorcerer. Both views are valid under the proper circumstances, but anthropology requires that they be clearly distinguished from each other because they derive from different methodologies, consist of different kinds of data, and lead to different types of knowledge. Together they facilitate a complete understanding of a culture. Anthroplogy's uniqueness lies in the fact that it encompasses them both.
单选题 In this passage the author mainly attempts to ______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】本文向人们介绍人类学如何进行研究。第1段指出了方法“stress on participation and getting the insider's view; show a humanistic concern for the people they study”，表明了它与其他学科的不同。
单选题 Which of the following has been mentioned by the author as essential for a correct understanding of a culture?
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】最后一段说together they facilitate a complete understanding of a culture，这里指的是不同的proper circumstances，可以推断，要想真正了解一种文化，必须要接触它，了解其背景。
单选题 Which of the following is true according to the passage?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】从第1段“through their attempts to...describe people's behavior they help...appreciation for other people and other ways”可以看出选项B正确。
单选题 By "the bearers of a particular culture", the author means ______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】the bearers of a particular culture指的是某一特定文化的承受者。
单选题 The Pierre mentioned in the passage must be ______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】从文中叙述的他认为he died from the power of the sorcerer“死于巫术”，可以看出他是个很愚昧的人。