单选题
{{B}}Task 1{{/B}}
{{B}}Directions: {{/B}}{{I}}After reading the following passage, you will find 5 questions or unfinished statements, numbered 36 to 40. For each question or statement there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D. You should make the correct choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.{{/I}}
Most men and more than half of the women in North America work. In fact, many people who are lazy and don't work for a living are looked down upon, such as people who have got a fortune from their parents, or those who receive money from the government when they are young enough to take a job.
Americans usually are expected to work hard at their regular jobs. They have believed that they felt shameful if they did not work as hard and carefully as they could, and God would punish those who were careless or lazy in their work. This is called the "work ethic". Its roots are in the Bible's teachings: "If a man will not work, he shall not eat." and "Do not work to please men, but just please God." For 400 years or more, it has been a characteristic of Americans. Historians say that this "work ethic" was perhaps the single most important reason for the rapid economic growth and continuing success of the United States.
For the sake of better work, now companies are much more flexible in the number of days and hours their employees work. Many offices now allow their employees to choose the time they begin in the morning, so long as they arrive before 10:00 am and work for 8 hours.
In America, there are women who choose to stay home as homemakers rather than to pursue a career. This is possible if the husband's salary is enough to support the family. These women value family over career, and are not considered lazy by any means.
单选题 In America, "work ethic" refers to ______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】事实细节题。本题询问在美国,“职业道德”是指什么,根据文章第二段第二、三句话可知,美国的“职业道德”要求人们在工作中要细心、努力。坟选项D为正确答案。 [避错指南] 选项A(从父母那里继承财产)和选项B(年轻时接受政府帮助)不是关于美国“职业道德”的内涵,相反这些行为是人们所鄙视的。根据文章第二段第四句话可知,选项以不工作就没有东西可吃)是讲美国“职业道德”的源头,故选项C也不合题目要求。
单选题 According to the passage, the American economy grows fast essentially because of ______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】推理判断题。本题询问根据这篇文章,美国经济快速发展从根本上说是因为什么。根据文章第二段最后二句话可知美国经济发展是因为“职业道德”的影响,而这种“职业道德”起初是来自《圣经》的教义,这说明美国经济的快速发展事实上是受宗教的影响,故选项D为正确答案。 [避错指南] 选项A(人们对待工作的态度)和选项B(人们勤劳细心的工作)是“职业道德”的要求,但不是经济快速发展的根本原因。选项C(美国政府的作用)在文中没有提到,故不选。
单选题 Which of the following is TRUE about the passage?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】事实细节题,本题询问关于这篇文章下面哪一种说法正确。根据文章最后一段最后一句话的前半部分可知,做家庭主妇的女性把家庭看得比工作还重要,故选项D为正确答案。 [避错指南] 根据第三段第二句话可知在美国有许多部门允许自己的员工选择每天开始工作的时间,所以选项 A(美国公司允许每一位虽工选择每天开始工作的时间)夸大了事实,因为“许多”并不代表所有美国公司,故不应选。选项B(美国家庭主妇很懒惰)与文章最后一句话“不管怎样都不会被认为是懒惰”意思相反,故不符合文意。选项C(美国的男性比女性工作更努力、细心)在文中没有提到,故不选。
单选题 ______ can not be looked down upon according to the passage?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】推理判断题。本题询问根据这篇文章下面哪些人不应该受到鄙视。从文章最后一段最后一句话的后半部分可知美国家庭主妇选择在家不是因为懒惰,而是因为她们把家庭看得比事业更重要,她们不应该受到鄙视,故选项C为正确答案。 [避错指南] 根据文章第一段第二句话的后半部分可知选项A(从父母那里继承财产)和选项B(接受政府资助的年轻人)中提到的两类人是应该受到鄙视的。根据第二段中的“职业道德”,工作懒惰的人应该受到鄙视,故选项D(工作懒惰的员工)不合题目要求。
单选题 The best title of the passage might be ______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】主旨大意题。本题询问这篇文章最恰当的标题是下面哪一个。这篇文章主要是讲美国的工作情况,具体讲了美国性别工作情况、“职业道德”、灵活的工作时间和家庭主妇的工作情况,所以选项C最合适。 [避错指南] 选项A(美国“职业道德”的发展)是文章第二段的内容,选项D(灵活的工作安排时间)是第三段的主要内容,选项D(美国工作的地位)只在第二段最后一句话间接提到过。这三个选项只是涉及了文章当中某一部分的内容,均不够全面,故不选,