单选题
Water

From the beginning, water has furnished man with a source of food and a highway to travel upon. The first civilizations arose {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}} {{/U}}water was a dominant element in the environment, a challenge {{U}} {{U}} 2 {{/U}} {{/U}}man's ingenuity. The Egyptians invented the 365-day calendar in response to the Nile's annual flooding. The Babylonians, {{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}}were among the most famous law-makers in ancient times, invented laws {{U}} {{U}} 4 {{/U}} {{/U}}water usage. Water inspired the Chinese to build a 1,000-{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}}canal, a complex system which, after nearly 2,500 years, remains still practically {{U}} {{U}} 6 {{/U}} {{/U}}and still commands the astonishment of engineers. But {{U}} {{U}} 7 {{/U}} {{/U}}never found complete solutions to their water problems. The Yellow River is also known as "China's Sorrow"; it is so unpredictable and dangerous {{U}} {{U}} 8 {{/U}} {{/U}}in a single flood it has caused a million {{U}} {{U}} 9 {{/U}} {{/U}}. Floods slowed the great {{U}} {{U}} 10 {{/U}} {{/U}}of the Indus River Valley, and inadequate drainage ruined {{U}} {{U}} 11 {{/U}} {{/U}}of its land. Today water dominates man {{U}} {{U}} 12 {{/U}} {{/U}}it always has done. Its presence continues to {{U}} {{U}} 13 {{/U}} {{/U}}the location of his homes and cities; its violent variability can {{U}} {{U}} 14 {{/U}} {{/U}}man or his herds or his crops; its routes links him {{U}} {{U}} 15 {{/U}} {{/U}}his fellows; its immense value may add to already dangerous political conflicts. There are many examples of this in our own time.
单选题
  • A. where
  • B. the place
  • C. when
  • D. in the place
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 此句子的意思是说，从最初的人类文明出现时，水就在周围的环境中起着重要作用。所以要用where引导一个表示地点的状语从句。
单选题
  • A. with
  • B. as
  • C. to
  • D. on
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 在英语中，表示“对……的挑战”要用a challenge to...。
单选题
  • A. they
  • B. /
  • C. that
  • D. who
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 此句子的主语是the Babylonians，谓语是后面的invented laws...。可见，逗号后面的成分要做补充说明用。根据已有的信息，我们可以推出who是正确的，它同后面的部分组成一个非限制性的定语从句，修饰主语。注意，that虽然也可以引导定语从句，但它不能引导非限制性定语从句。
单选题
  • A. regulates
  • B. regulate
  • C. regulated
  • D. regulating
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 这里只能填regulating，该词同后面的短语构成现在分词短语，修饰上文的laws。整个名词短语的意思是“管理用水的法律”。
单选题
  • A. miles
  • B. mile
  • C. mile's
  • D. miles'
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 在此考查复合形容词的结构，数词+名词单数可构成复合形容词，两词中间一定要加连字符。所以1000-后应接mile，像上文的the 365-day就是遵循了这一原则。又如：a four-hour ride，a twenty-mile trip，a five-room house，a six-storey building。
单选题
  • A. in use
  • B. for use
  • C. by use
  • D. on use
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] remain in use表示“仍然在使用”。in use是“在使用”的意思。
单选题
  • A. ancient
  • B. the ancients
  • C. ancients
  • D. ancients people
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] ancient既是形容词也是名词，the ancients尤指古代文明的人。
单选题
  • A. that
  • B. /
  • C. because
  • D. which
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 前文有so，这里应该填入that，构成so...that...结构，that引导的小句表示一种结果。
单选题
  • A. people
  • B. deaths
  • C. damages
  • D. ruins
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] death是可数名词，也是不可数名词。作可数名词时，是指某种类型的死，也可指死了多少人。damage是不可数名词，它的复数形式damages主要用在法律领域，指损害赔偿；如：The court ordered him to pay $1,000 damages to the person he had hurt. ruin一般为不可数名词，其可数形式ruins常指“遗迹，废墟”等；如：The majestic ruins of Rome impressed her immensely.可以看出，在这三个选项中，只有deaths是合适的。上文的cause是使役动词，可以说“...it caused a million people to die.”但不可以说“...it caused a million people”所以填入people是错误的。
单选题
  • A. influence
  • B. effect
  • C. society
  • D. civilization
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 正确的答案是civilization，意思是“印度河谷的人类文明”。
单选题
  • A. many
  • B. lot
  • C. much
  • D. a lots
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 量词many，a lot of，lots of和much是一个连续统一体。具体地说，many只修饰可数名词，much只修饰不可数名词，而a lot of和lots of处于两者之间，既可限定可数名词，也可限定不可数名词。lots of比a lot of在口气上更随便些。例：I remember a lot of things./A lot of our land is used to grow crops for export./There are lots of things I could do./I want lots of food.英语中没有lot of和a lots of这样的量词，land在此处是不可数名词，因此，唯一合适的选择是much。
单选题
  • A. for
  • B. as
  • C. because
  • D. whereas
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[解析] 正确的答案是as，此处的as引导的是表示方式的状语从句，整个句子的意思是说：“今天，水就像它一直控制人类一样仍然在控制着人类。”由于原文前后两个句子之间没有一种因果关系，所以填入for或because都是不对的。而whereas一词通常表示对比关系。
单选题
  • A. govern
  • B. control
  • C. lead
  • D. influence
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 此句的意思是说，水的存在决定着人们选择安家建城的位置。govern和control都有“控制”和“支配”的意思。govern可以是人的支配，也可以是自然法则或自然力量的控制或支配。所以，govern是一个合适的词。lead的意思是“引导；领导”。influence的意思是“影响”。
单选题
  • A. cause
  • B. violate
  • C. kill
  • D. damage
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] cause是使役动词，只说“...can cause man or his herbs or his crops”，句子不完整。violate一词的后面可以跟a rule，a law，但不能跟man。damage一词的后面常跟物质的东西，如a house，a village，crops等，也不能接man。所以只有kill一词是正确的选择。注意kill可以跟“活着的东西”，所以kill his crops在语义上完全成立。
单选题
  • A. by
  • B. on
  • C. and
  • D. to
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] link一词可跟to搭配；如：The bridge links this city to that village.