单选题
Sport is not only physically challenging, but it can also be mentally challenging. Criticism from coaches, parents, and other teammates, as well as pressure to win can create an excessive amount of anxiety or stress for young athletes. Stress can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout. Burnout has been described as dropping or quitting of an activity that was at one time enjoyable. The early years of development are critical years for learning about oneself. The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends, and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives. Coaches and parents should be aware, at all times, that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Youngsters may take their parents' and coaches' criticisms to heart and find flaws (缺陷) in themselves. Coaches and parents should also be careful that youth sport participation does not become work for children. The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lessons. In today' s youth sport setting, young athletes may be worrying more about who will win instead of enjoying themselves and the sport. Following a game, many parents and coaches focus on the outcome and find fault with youngsters' performances. Positive reinforcement should be provided regardless of the outcome. Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater influence on learning than criticism. Again, criticism can create high levels of stress, which can lead to burnout.
单选题
An effective way to prevent the burnout of young athletes is ______ . A. to make sports less competitive B. to make sports more challenging C. to reduce their mental stress D. to increase their sense of success
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查推断测试题。该题属于倒着考。根据文章第一段第3句“Stress Can be physical, emotional, or psychological, and research has indicated that it can lead to burnout.”可以看出stress导致burnout，那么防止burnout的有效方法应该是减少stress，故C项正确。sports本身具有竞争性、挑战性，不在于多或少，问题是怎样看胜负，所以A、B两项应排除。D项“提高他们获得成功的意识”正是作者不赞成的，也错。
单选题
According to the passage sport is positive for young people in that ______ . A. it can help them learn more about society B. it teaches them how to set realistic goals for themselves C. it enables them to find flaws in themselves D. it can provide them with valuable experiences
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查细节归纳测试题。依据为第二段第2、3句“The sport setting is one where valuable experiences can take place. Young athletes can, for example, learn how to cooperate with others, make friends. and gain other social skills that will be used throughout their lives.”句中作者列举的“学习如何和他人合作、如何交友、如何获取社会技能”都是有价值的人生经验。A项的内容太宽泛了。B项文章未提及。C项中的find flaws in themselves，文章是提到了，但不是sports引起的，而应该是家长的批评导致的。
单选题
Many coaches and parents are in the habit of criticizing young athletes ______ . A. without realizing criticism may destroy their self confidence B. in order to make them remember life' s lessons C. believing that criticism is beneficial to their early development D. so as to put more pressure on them
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查推断测试题。依据为第二段第4行起“...that their feedback to youngsters can greatly affect their children. Young-stets may take their parents 'and coaches' criticisms to heart and find flaws in themselves.”意思为：教练和父母对孩子表现的反馈信息将会极大地影响孩子。孩子将会把那些批评放在心里，寻找自身的缺陷。这样将必然会导致自信心不足。B项的内容恰巧是许多教练和家长没有注意到的，他们只要结果。C项具有一定干扰度，但从文章语篇总体分析，也应排除。 至于D项内容，客观上会给孩子造成压力，但并不是教练、家长们的主观愿望。
单选题
According to the passage parents and coaches should ______ . A. help children to win every game B. pay more attention to letting children enjoy sports C. enable children to understand the positive aspect of sports D. train children to cope with stress
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查推断测试题。依据为第三段第2行“The outcome of the game should not be more important than the process of learning the sport and other life lesson, ...instead of enjoying themselves and the sport.”A项的内容正是文章作者提醒教练父母应该避免的。至于C项中的“understand the positive aspect of sports”，作者认为正是许多家长教练自身应该明白的。而D项跟文章的内容无关。
单选题
The author' s purpose in writing the passage is ______ . A. to persuade young children not to worry about criticism B. to stress the importance of positive-reinforcement to children C. to discuss the skill of combining criticism with encouragement D. to teach young athletes how to avoid burnout
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查主旨测试题。最主要的提示出现在文章倒数第2句“Research indicates that positive reinforcement motivates and has a greater effect on learning than criticism.”A项意思为“劝说孩子不要担心批评”，跟文章不沾边。文中既没有提及“批评与鼓励的结合”，也没有探讨两者结合的技巧，C错。文章也没有教孩子怎样避免“burnout”，所以D项也应排除。