【正确答案】正确答案：Cognitive linguistics is a newly established approach to the study of language that emerged in the 1970s as a reaction against the dominant generative paradigm which pursues an autonomous view of language. Linguistics is based in human experiences of the world and the way they perceive and conceptualize the world.(1 point) The publication of Noam Chomsky"s Syntactic Structures in 1957 marks the beginning of the TG grammar. Contrary to Bloomfield"s data-oriented discovery procedure, Chomsky insists on the hypothesis-deduction method and his research is called evaluation process. The TG grammar marks the transformation from structuralism to cognitive linguistics.(2 points) George P. Lakoff is an American cognitive linguist and professor of linguistics. He is famous for his ideas about the centrality of metaphor to human thinking, political behavior and society. He is particularly famous for his association with the concept of the embodied mind, which he has written about in relation to mathematics. In recent years he has applied his work to the realm of politics, exploring this in his books. He is a member of the scientific committee of the Fundacion IDEAS, Spain"s Socialist Party"s think tank. He is the founder of the now defunct progressive think tank the Rockridge Institute.(2 points)

【答案解析】解析：考查认知语言学家以及他们在认知语言学研究领域做出的贡献。认知语言学是语言研究的全新方法，发轫于上世纪70年代，是对当时盛行的转换生成研究范式的反对。转化生成研究范式追求语言的自足性，认知语言学是基于人类对世界的经验以及他们感知和概念化世界的方式。乔姆斯基被认为促成了结构主义语言学向认知语言学的转变，而莱考夫被认为是第二代认知语言学家中的翘楚。他首先对隐喻在人类认知上的作用做出了解释，并对隐喻在语言上产生的影响做出研究。