问答题
{{I}} Read the following text carefully and then translate the
underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on
ANSWER SHEET 2.{{/I}} The greatest impact on the family over the
last 50 years has been the changing role of the wife. These changes have
affected not only her life but also that of her husband and children. 61){{U}}The
family has changed from an economically defined unit under the authority of the
father and having minimal interpersonal emotional ties to a unit with strong
emotional ties directed primarily by the mother to her husband and children.{{/U}}
One important result was greater emotional and general psychological seclusion
of the woman which clearly implied that the female role was culturally a
secondary one. In recent decades it has become clear that for a
distinct minority of American women the traditional mother role in the seclusion
of the home is no longer acceptable. For many the family is of diminishing
importance. The development of education for women has been a crucial factor in
this change. Today, over 80 percent of all women complete four years of high
school as compared to only 35 percent in 1940. This is related to the fact that
marriage now occurs a year later for the average woman. The proportion of women
aged 20 to 24 who are single increased from 28 percent in 1960 to 40 percent by
the mid-1970s. 62){{U}}Child bearing is being postponed, so that compared to the
1960s, 10 percent fewer women bear their first child in the two years
immediately following marriage.{{/U}} Furthermore, more women today remain
childless. Work, older age at marriage, and fewer children are the basic changes
that have taken place in women's roles in recent years. The
trend among women is toward increased education, and this is linked to other
role changes. 63){{U}}The higher a woman's educational attainment, the more likely
she is to work, to stay in the labor force longer, and to have more job
opportunities available to her.{{/U}} This further suggests that when women are
married their work has a great impact on their marriages. For example, since
working wives contribute 25 to 40 percent of their total family income, their
position as decision-makers in the family is usually strengthened. 64){{U}}Weitz
points out that the social trends towards increased education for women mean not
only more work experience but also delayed marriage and decreased fertility.{{/U}}
These changes, in turn, point the way toward evn greater labor force
participation throughout the life cycle. The number of women
entering the work force is rapidly increasing. Women outnumber men in the total
population by about 7 million. 65){{U}}When that is added to the fact that labor
force participation of males is slowly declining because of the trend toward
earlier retirement, "it may not be too long before one out of every two American
workers is a woman. "{{/U}}
【正确答案】家庭在过去是一个经济意义上的单位，在家中父亲说了算，家庭成员之间很少有情感交流；现在的家庭则变成了一个由母亲主导的、与其丈夫和孩子之间有强烈情感维系的单位。
本句是一个很长的简单句，主干是The family has changed，其后的介词结构from…to…是句子的状语。其中属于from这一部分的under…the father 和having…emotional ties是an economically defined unit的两个并列后置定语；属于to这一部分的with…是a unit的介词后置定语，而directed by…and children则是strong emotional ties的分词后置定语。在翻译这样的长句时，必须使用拆译法，将句意疏通。
【答案解析】
【正确答案】人们生儿育女的时间正在推迟，使得如今结婚两年后就生第一个孩子的女性比20世纪60年代少了10%。
本句结构相对简单，so that前是主句，其后是结果状语从句。在这一从句中，compared to the 1960s是从句中的插入语，而immediately following marriage是从句的时间状语。在翻译时考生主要注意主句是被动语态，不符合中文习惯，应译成相应的主动语态。
【答案解析】
【正确答案】受教育程度越高，妇女去工作的可能性就越大，其从业时间就会越久，其就业机会也会更多。
本题考查的主要是对the more…the more…这一习惯表达的理解和翻译。要注意的是本题后面是三个并列的比较级不定式结构，翻译时要注意体现出作者的语气。词汇方面，educational attainment指的是“受教育程度”，stay in the labor force可泽为“从业，工作”。
【答案解析】
【正确答案】Weitz指出，女性受教育程度不断提高的社会趋势不仅意味着(女性)会有更多的工作经历，还意味着(她们的)婚姻会推迟及生育减少。
在结构上，句子主干是Weitz points out，后面的that引导的是一个宾语从句，其中又含有一个not only …but also…结构，引出mean的两个宾语。词汇方面，注意fertility指的是女性的“生育(能力)”。
【答案解析】
【正确答案】再加上由于提前退休已成为趋势，男性劳力正在慢慢减少这一事实，“每两个美国工人中就有一个是女性的局面也许为时不远了”。
在句子结构上，逗号前的部分是句子的时间状语，主句则是直接引语部分。在这个时间状语从句中，第一个that指代的是本句前的一句话，第二个that引导的是一个同位语从句，修饰the fact；主句中含有一个由连词before引导的主语从句one out of…is a woman，而it作形式主语。