The company sponsors an essay competition that students submit papers, a panel of historians will judge them on the basis of style and content, and the winners receive gift certificates.
本题重点考查定语从句中谓语动词与介词搭配使用时介词的位置。按照英语语 法规则,句子尾端如果出现介词,需要将其灵活处理,办法之一就是在定语从句中 将其置于引导词前。画线部分是定语从句的引导词,由于定语从句中的谓语动词是 submit,其常用结构是submit sth. to sb. (向.......提交),故从句中缺少一个介词。四 个选项中只有A合适,将介词置于关系代词前面,形成 “ 介词+关系代词”来引导定语从句。
[参考译文]公司赞助了一个写作比赛,学生提交文章,然后由历史学家组成的评审团根 据写作风格和内容进行评判,获胜者会得到礼券。
[语法拓展] “ 介词+关系代词” 引导的定语从句:
① 由 “ 介词+关系代词” 引导的定语从句主要用于正式文体,在非正式文体中可将介词放至句末。
e.g. This is the man to whom I referred.
This is the man (whom) I referred to .我指的就是这个人。
② 直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词which不能换成that, 直接用于介词后作宾语的关 系代词whom不能换成who。但若介词用于句末,则用作宾语的which, whom也可换成 that,who ,或者省略。
e.g. This is a subject about which we have talked a lot. (which不能换成that,不能省略)
This is a subject which we have talked about a lot. (which可以换成that,也可以省略)这是一个我们讨论了很多的问题。
③ 关系副词when,where, why根据情况有时可换成“ 介词+关系代词which”。
e.g. That is the day when (=on which) he was born .那就是他出生的日子。
That is the house where (=in which) he lived.那就是他住过的房子。
That is the reason why (=for which) he must apologize.那就是他必须道歉的原因。
④在很正式的文体中,“ 介词+ 关系代词” 引导的定语从句可紧缩成“ 介词+ 关系代词+ 不定式” 结构。
e.g. There the children had a garden in which to play. ( 很正式)
There the children had a garden in which they could play.( 较正式)
There the children had a garden to play in.(较口语化)在那儿孩子们有个玩耍的花园。
注意:这 类 “ 介词+关系代词+不定式” 结构中的介词不能没有,也不能放在句末。如不能说There the children had a garden which to play in.