单选题 As the volcano erupts in Iceland, more and more people are beginning to concern about the damage volcanic eruption brings. Then, let us learn the influence of volcanic eruption together.
We all know that air pollution has an effect on the world's average air temperature. Scientists declare that volcanic eruption leads to weather changes, which is similar to air pollution. How will volcanic eruption impact on weather? Volcanic eruption throws hundreds of millions tons of ash into the stratosphere. The ash from a volcano spreads in a few days. However, this is not the end. The ash will remain in the air for years. Hereby, all the ash turns incoming solar radiation into space, which cools the earth.
The eruption would affect every level of ecosystem, from worms to primates. The problem is not only the physical destruction of habitat, but also the sulfur gases over the area. The volcanic eruption makes many people homeless who have to search for food and residence everywhere. The movement of the population and refugees may lead to some instability in the region. They may become one part to damage the environment in face of starvation threat. If the lava pours into lakes, the water will be severely contaminated. The unusual accumulation of carbon dioxide in the lower strata of lake's basin may even cause explosions.
The volcanic eruption is a huge disaster for human beings. It will cause massive dislocation in the local place. The Iceland volcano is a good example. More than 63,000 flights had been canceled in 23 European countries, which is severe blow on the economy. Travelers had to give up their journeys. Fresh foods get decayed because of delayed transportation. The factories are not able to operate for lack of machinery parts. In other parts of the world, people canceled their flights to and from Europe, according to the Air Transport Association (ATA). This condition has an awful influence on the world economy.
Large quantities of dust and gaseous material will be injected into the upper atmosphere as a result of explosive eruptions. The volcano spurts a kind of glassy material with sharp edges, which is cooled by tiny shards of molten rock. The air is mixed with such material at a microscopic level. As a result, it will contribute to a worldwide rise in deaths of respiratory diseases.

单选题 From the second paragraph we learn that

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[命题目的] 此题考查考生对文章细节的理解能力。
[解题要点] A选项并没有提到火山喷发，而是“污染对世界平均气温有影响”。由第二段第一句话“We all knew that air pollution has an effect on the world's average air temperature．”能直接推出A正确吗? 还是A选项只是说pollution，不太准确，故排除A。根据该段最后一句“Hereby, all the ash turns incoming solar radiation into space, which cools the earth．”可以看出，地球温度的下降是由于灰尘发挥的折射作用，而并不是太阳辐射会降低地球的温度，故B项错误。根据该段倒数第二句“The ash will remain in the air for years．”可见火山灰会在空气中持续几年的时间，C项符合文意。根据该段第四句“Volcanic eruption throws hundreds of millions tons of ash into the stratosphere．”可知火山向平流层喷出成百万吨的火山灰，由此可见，所有这些灰尘会把太阳的辐射折射回太空，这就降低了地球的温度。由下文可知，火山灰对人类是有直接影响的。故D项错误。

单选题 The fourth paragraph of the text implies that

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[命题目的] 此题考查考生对文章细节的理解和推断能力。
[解题要点] 根据第四段第四句“More than 63,000 flights had been canceled…”可见，文章提到欧洲23个国家63000多架航班被取消，但并不是取消全部航班，A项中“all the flights”太绝对，故不选。根据该句后面的“which is severe blow on the economy”可见，交通受阻会对经济造成沉重打击，B项符合文意。根据本段第五句“Travelers had to give up their journeys．”以及第六句“Fresh foods get decayed because of delayed transportation．”可见旅游者减少和食物腐烂是火山造成的两个影响，作者并没有提及两者间的具体联系，C项说法过于牵强。D项原文没有涉及。故正确答案为B选项。

单选题 What does the underlined word mean in the last paragraph?

单选题 According to the whole passage, how many aspects are referred as for volcanic eruption's influence?

单选题 The author of the passage intends to show that

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[命题目的] 此题考查考生对文章主旨的把握能力。
[解题要点] 文章第一段就开门见山，提出冰岛火山引发了人们对火山的关注，进一步提出“let us learn the influence of volcanic eruption together.”，可见文章下文是从不同方面介绍火山对人们的影响。火山喷发对人们造成巨大的损害，A项人们应对灾害能力的有限，只是一个结论而并非文章主旨。B项火山喷发对环境的影响，只是火山影响的一个方面。故B项具有片面性。C项火山喷发治理的前景，文章没有提及。D项火山对人类的影响最为符合文意。故正确答案为D项。