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Using the Mind to Fight Diseases

A) Psychology has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. In large hospitals and research centers, modern methods of therapy seem to focus on the physical disease without considering the patients’ mental state. Patients may feel that they are being treated impersonally, like broken machines. Some doctors have recognized this as a problem. They are now using psychological therapy with patients to use their own minds to fight their diseases. Because the patient is working with the medicine and the doctors are against the disease, his or her attitude changes. The patient does not wait for the medicine and treatment to cure him or her, but instead the patient joins in the fight.

B) The doctor knows that a disease affects a patient’s body physically. The body of the patient (in this case, a man) changes because of the disease. He is not only physically affected, but as the physician knows, he also has an emotional response to the disease. Because his mind is affected, his attitude and behavior change. The medical treatment might cure the patient’s physical problems, but the patient’s mind must fight the emotional ones. For example, the studies of one doctor, Carl Simonton, M. D. have shown that a typical cancer patient (in this case, a woman) has predictable attitudes. She typically feels depressed, upset, and angry. Her self-image is poor, and she feels self-pity. As a result, her behavior changes. Because of her constant depression, she acts unfriendly toward her family, friends, doctors, and nurses. Such attitudes and behaviors prevent the patient from getting well. Therefore, a doctor’s treatment must help the patient change her attitudes. Simonton’s method emphasizes treatment of the whole patient by treating both the body and the mind.

C) The attitude of a cancer patient who is receiving radiation therapy, an X-ray treatment, can become more positive. The physician who is following Simonton’s psychological treatment plan suggests that the patient imagine that he or she can see the tumor(肿瘤)in the body. In the mental picture, the patient “sees” a powerful beam of radiation like a million bullets of energy. The patient imagines the beam hitting the tumor cells and causing them to shrink. For another cancer patient, Dr. Simonton might make another suggestion. This patient, with a different kind of cancer, needs to take capsules and pills several times a day. The doctor asks the patient to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells. The patient imagines that the medicine is like an army fighting the diseased cells and sees the cancer cells gradually dying. His or her blood carries away the dead cells. Both the medical therapy and the patient’s positive attitude fight the disease.

D) Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works. However, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change. They become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease.

E) Another application of using the mind to help cure disease is the use of suggestion therapy. Before making the suggestion, the doctor helps the patient to concentrate deeply. The patient (in this case, a man) thinks only about one thing. He becomes so unaware of other things around him that he seems to be asleep. He is said to be in a trance(催眠状态). Then the physician makes “a suggestion” to the patient about the medical problem. The patient’s mind responds to the suggestion even after the patient is no longer in the trance. In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment.

F) Doctors have learned that this use of psychology is helpful for both adults and children. For example, physicians have used suggestion to help adults deal with the strong pain of some disease. Furthermore, sometimes the adult patient (in this case, a woman) worries about her illness so much that the anxiety keeps her from getting well. The right suggestions may help the patient to stop being anxious. Such treatment may help the patient with a chronic(慢性的)diseases. Asthma(哮喘)is an example of a chronic disorder. Asthma is a disease that causes the patient to have difficulty in breathing. The patient starts to cough and sometimes has to fight to get the air that he or she needs. Psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. After suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily.

G) Physicians have learned that the psychological method is very useful in treating children. Children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it. For example, Dr. Basil R. Collison has worked with 121 asthmatic children in Sydney, Australia, and had good results. Twenty-five of the children had excellent results. They were able to breathe more easily, and they did not need medication. Another forty-three were also helped. The symptoms of the asthma occurred less frequently, and when they did, they were not as strong. Most of the children also felt better about themselves. Doctors have also used suggestion therapy to change habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep- related problems.

H) Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology because they recognize its value. Nobody knows how suggestion therapy works; however, doctors have learned that psychology has important applications in medicine.

问答题

Psychology can help relieve the symptoms of Asthma who have difficulty in breathing.

【正确答案】

F

【答案解析】

根据题干Asthma定位至文章F段, 该段最后两句提到, Psychology can help relieve the symptoms of this disorder. After suggestion therapy, the asthma patient breathes more easily.即与序号1句子意思相同, 故1对应F。

问答题

The use of psychological therapy is helpful to some patients in that the patients’ attitudes towards themselves have changed.

【正确答案】

D

【答案解析】

文章中D段提到, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change.即心理治疗对一些患者有帮助, 因为患者的态度发生了变化。 这与本题句子完全一致, 故选D。

问答题

Though nobody knows how suggestion therapy works, doctors have realized it value in medicine.

【正确答案】

H

【答案解析】

文章最后一段提到, 许多专业医学团体已经接受了心理学的医学应用, 因为他们认识到它的价值。 没有人知道建议疗法是如何起作用的; 然而医生们已经了解到心理学在医学上有着重要的应用。 即与doctors have realized it value in medicine句意相符, 故此题对应H段。

问答题

Dr. Simonton asked a patient with a cancer to imagine the medicine he takes everyday going from the stomach into the bloodstream and fighting the diseased cells.

【正确答案】

C

【答案解析】

由Dr. Simonton定位至文章C段, 其中The doctor asks the patient to imagine the medicine going from the stomach into the bloodstream and to the cancer cells.与本题句意相符。

问答题

Some doctors have found that focusing on the physical disease without considering the patients’ mental state is a problem.

【正确答案】

A

【答案解析】

文章第一段中提到, In large hospitals and research centers, modern methods of therapy seem to focus on the physical disease without considering the patients’ mental state.即“现代的治疗方法似乎只关注于身体疾病而不考虑病人的心理状态”, 故A为该句对应段。

问答题

In suggestion therapy, the patient can use his mind to help his body respond to treatment.

【正确答案】

E

【答案解析】

根据文章E段最后一句In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment.与本题句子完全一致, 故选择E。

问答题

Physicians have found that children make a quick response to suggestion therapy because they are fascinated by it.

【正确答案】

G

【答案解析】

由题干中的children及quick response可定位至文章倒数第二段, Children respond quickly to the treatment because they are fascinated by it.此为该题句子的改写, 两者意思相同, 故选G。

问答题

Some doctors have found that focusing on the physical disease without considering the patients’ mental state is a problem.

【正确答案】

A

【答案解析】

A段第三、 第五句提到现代医疗侧重于身体疾病而不考虑患者的心理状态, 一些医生认为这是一个问题。与本题句子意思相符, 故选A。

问答题

In suggestion therapy, the patient can use his mind to help his body respond to treatment.

【正确答案】

E

【答案解析】

E段最后一句 “In this way, the patient uses his mind to help his body respond to treatment.” 与本题句子一致。所以此题对应E段。

问答题

Physicians have found that children make a quick response to suggestion therapy because they are fascinated by it.

【正确答案】

G

【答案解析】

G段第一二句提到“医生了解到心理方法对治疗儿童非常有效。 孩子们对治疗反应很快, 因为他们对这种疗法很着迷。 ”与本题句子意思一致, 故选G。