(46) The English language is being destroyed by a "deadly virus of management-speak" which has infected the mouths and minds of politicians like Tony Blair and George W. Bush, a leading UK journalist said recently. The British Prime Minister and his ally the U.S. President are mangling the language, destroying its meaning by avoiding the use of verbs, twisting nouns into verbs, and endlessly repeating phrases until they become "zombified". "It"s deeply depressing," says John Humphrys, one of Britain"s leading political journalists and the author of a new book "Lost for Words". Humphys" book laments the growth of "clichéd, dumbed-down, inflated and bogus management-speak" which he says now passes for English. (47) In particular he criticizes political leaders for being sucked into using meaningless phrases and unimaginative words to disguise policies or protect themselves from responsibility. Humphrys has been a journalist for 45 years and in his current post as a presenter on BBC radio"s news and current affairs program "Today," he regularly interviews world leaders. "The whole essence of a good lively democracy is that one has good lively argument," he told reporters in an interview. "But this kind of language kills real debate." (48) "And nobody is prepared to stand up and say: "what does that mean?" Because the assumption is made that if you don"t know what it means then there is something wrong with you." (49) Humphrys says the original wrongdoers in the destruction of English are "business leaders who are trying to sell their own particular theories and have invented their own ridiculous phrases and vocabulary to accompany those theories." But for him the more sinister development is that such language has taken root in political discourse. Humphrys picks on Bush—who once famously used the word "misunderestimate"—and pokes fun at him as someone who "often speaks as though English were his second language." (50) He also labels the U.S. leader a "master of the language of political manipulation" and accuses him of sweeping aside all the nuances of notions like freedom, truth and democracy. And instead he fires the words out like "dum-dum bullets." Blair, too, is singled out as a king of language corruption. Humphrys notes Blair"s apparent fear of verbs and mocks in his speeches, which are peppered with verbless phrases like "new challenges, new ideas," or "for our young people, a brighter future" and "the age of achievement, at home and abroad." By using this technique, Humphrys says, Blair is simply evading responsibility.
【正确答案】正确答案:最近,一位英国资深记者说,英语正在遭到一种"官腔语言的致命病毒"的侵害,这种病毒已经感染了许多政治家的谈吐和思想,其中包括托尼.布莱尔和乔治.布什。
【答案解析】解析:本句是复合句,句子主干结构为The English language is being destroyed。句中which has infected the mouths and minds of politicians是定语从句,修饰先行词virus。另外,应特别注意被动语态的译法,中文表达时应尽量使用主动语态。句中is being destroyed译成"正在遭到"。本句较长,应断句翻译,将定语从句转化,与先行词直接以主谓宾结构译出。另外,注意词义引申,其中the mouths and minds of politicians引申为"政治家的谈吐和思想"。
【正确答案】正确答案:他还特别批评了政府领导人热衷于使用无意义词语和陈腐高调来伪饰政策或推脱责任的行为。
【答案解析】解析:本句是简单句,句子主干结构为he criticizes political leaders。句中介词短语for being sucked into using meaningless phrases…作状语;不定式短语to disguise policies or protect themselves from responsibility是目的状语。翻译时应注意状语的译法,句中状语可直接转化成谓语译出。另外,注意词义的具体化及引申,suck into原意为"沉迷",这里根据语境翻译成"热衷",表达更为准确形象;unimaginative words原意为"无想象力的词语",这里意译成"陈腐高调"既忠实原意,语言也更为顺畅。
【正确答案】正确答案:没有人愿意站起来问:‘那到底是什么意思?’因为大家都已认定,如果你不明白那是什么意思,那就是你出问题了。
【答案解析】解析:本句是复合句,句子主干结构是nobody is prepared。句中because the assumption is made…是原因状语从句;that if you don"t know what it means…是assumption的同位语从句,其中if you don"t know what it means为该从句中的条件状语从句。翻译时应注意同位语从句的译法,将其转化为宾语从句翻译出来。此外,应注意被动语态的翻译,句中the assumption is made译成"大家都已认定"。
【正确答案】正确答案:汉弗莱斯说,破坏英语语言的"始作俑者"是那些商界大亨,他们为了推销自己的独特理论,发明了许多独有的荒诞词语来"配合"那些理论。
【答案解析】解析:本句是复合句,句子主干结构为Humphrys says…,句中the original wrongdoers in the destruction…是句子宾语从句;该从句的主干结构是the original wrongdoers are "business leaders and have invented their phrases and vocabulary"。其中who are trying to sell their own particular theories是定语从句,修饰先行词business leaders;不定式结构to accompany those theories是目的状语。本句句子较长,结构复杂,应该采取分译法,将定语从句who are trying to sell their own particular theories转为状语译出。介词短语in the destruction of English转化成动宾结构译出。另外,注意词义引申,the original wrongdoers原意为"最初犯错者",这里引申为"始作俑者",既贴切又形象生动。
【正确答案】正确答案:他还为这位美国领导人贴上"用政治手段操纵语言的大师"的标签,并指责他抹杀了自由、真相和民主等概念之间的一切细微差别。
【答案解析】解析:本句是并列句,句子主干结构为He labels the leader and accuses him。句中a master of the language of political manipulation是宾语leader的补足语,同样,介词短语of sweeping aside all the nuances of notions like freedom,truth and democracy是him的宾语补足语。翻译时注意将第一个宾语补足语转换成定语译出,这样译文会比较流畅。而第二个宾语补足语按照正常语序译出即可。此外,还要注意采用增词法,将意思添加完整。句中political manipulation原指"政治操纵",如果直接译出,语句不顺畅。可根据意思添加词汇,译为"政治手段操纵",这样表达流畅,意思表述完整。