For the most
part, it seems, workers in rich countries have little to fear from
globalization, and a lot to gain. But is the same thing true for workers in poor
countries? The answer is that they are even more likely than their rich country
counterparts to benefit, because they have less to lose and more to gain.
Orthodox economics takes an optimistic line on integration and the developing
countries. Openness to foreign trade and investment should encourage capital to
flow to poor economies. In the developing world, capital is scarce, so the
returns on investment there should be higher than in the industrialized
countries, where the best opportunities to make money by adding capital to labor
have already been used up. If pool countries lower their barriers to trade and
investment, the theory goes: rich foreigners will want to send over some of
their capital. If this inflow of resources arrives in the form
of loans or portfolio investment, it will supplement domestic savings and loosen
the financial constraint on additional investment by local companies. If it
arrives in the form of new foreign controlled operations, FDI, so much the
better: this kind of capital brings technology and skills from abroad packaged
along with it, with less financial risk as well. In either case, the addition to
investment ought to push incomes up, partly by raising the demand for labor and
partly by making labor more productive. This why workers in FDI
receiving countries should be in an even better position to profit from
integration than workers in FDI sending countries. Also, with or without inflows
of foreign capital, the same static and dynamic gains from trade should apply in
developing countries as in rich ones. This gain from trade logic often arouses
suspicion, because the benefits seem to come from nowhere. Surely one side or
the other must lose. Not so. The benefits that a rich country gets though trade
do not come at the expense of its poor country trading partners, or vice versa.
Recall that according to the theory, trade is a positive sum game. In all these
transactions, sides exporters and importers, borrowers and lenders, shareholders
and workers can gain.
单选题
According to the passage, who may be reasonably afraid of the
globalization?
A. Workers in rich countries.
B. Workers in poor countries.
C. Both of them.
D. None of them.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 文章第一段中说明，“workers in rich countries have little to fear from globalization”和“they are ever more likely than their rich country counter parts to benefit”，可知穷国和富国的工人都会在全球化中得到很大的好处，因此都不必害怕全球化，D为正确选项。
单选题
The phrase "take an optimistic line on" in the second paragraph
probably means to ______.
A. A rich country gets benefits through trade at the expense of its poor
country trading part-ners.
B. A poor country gets benefits through trade at the expense of its rich
country trading part-ners.
C. In trade one side or the other must lose because the benefits must come
from somewhere.
D. In Wade it is possible for every part involved winning at the expense of
nobody.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】[解析] 最后一段中提及“The benefits that a rich country gets through trade do not come at the expense of its poor country trading partners or vice versa”，可排除A、B项。文中还提到“the benefits seem to come from nowhere. Surely one side or the other must lose. Not so”，可排除C项。从而确定D项。
单选题
Which can be the most appropriate title for this passage?