单选题 Half of the world"s coral reefs(珊瑚礁) have died in the last 30 years. Now scientists are racing to ensure that the rest survive. Even if global warming were to stop fight now, scientists predict that more than 90% of corals will die by 2050. If no major steps are taken to address the problem, the reefs may be headed for total extinction(灭绝).
(78) The planet"s health depends on the survival of coral reefs. They are often described as "the rainforests of the sea", because they provide shelter for a wide variety of sea life. In addition, the reefs serve as barriers that protect coastlines from the full force of powerful storms.
Coral are used in medical research for cures to diseases. They are key to local economies as well, since the reefs attract tourists, the fishing industry, and other businesses, bringing in billions of dollars.
(79) Corals are particularly sensitive to changes in temperature. A rise of just 1 to 2 degrees can force the corals to drive out the algae(水藻). Then the corals turn white in a process called "bleaching". Corals can recover from short-term bleaching, but long-term bleaching can cause permanent damage. In 1998, when sea surface temperatures were the highest in recorded history, coral reefs around the world suffered the most severe bleaching. It is estimated that even under the best of conditions, many of these coral reefs will need decades to recover.
Although reefs face other threats from pollution, industrial activities, and overfishing, it is global climate change that most concerns scientists. Scientists remain hopeful that it"s not too late to save the reefs, and some are moving ahead on experiments to accomplish that goal.
单选题 Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[解析] 本文介绍了全球范围内的珊瑚礁正在面临灭绝的现状。而珊瑚礁不仅可以保护地球,维系生命,还具有多方面的价值。因此,保护珊瑚礁刻不容缓。
参考译文
近30年里,世界上有将近一半的珊瑚礁已经死亡。现在,科学家们争先恐后地确保剩下的珊瑚礁可以存活。即使全球温室效应即将停止,科学家们仍然预言到2050年90%的珊瑚礁将不复存在。如果不采取有效措施去处理这个问题,珊瑚礁将面临灭绝。
珊瑚礁的生存关乎地球是否处于健康状态。珊瑚礁被誉为“海洋的热带雨林”,因为它们为海洋生物提供了天然的保护屏障。除此之外,它们作为坚实的壁垒保护海岸线免受强风暴的侵蚀。
珊瑚礁不仅可以用于医疗研究以治愈疾病,还吸引了大批的游客。渔业及相关的产业能为当地带来数十亿美元的经济收入,因此成为地区经济的关键。
珊瑚礁对温度的变化特别敏感。即使只升高1~2度,也能迫使珊瑚礁清除其表层的水藻。接着,珊瑚礁会在一个被称为“漂白”的过程中,逐渐变成白色。如果这个过程只是短期的,珊瑚礁还能恢复原有的面貌;如果是长期的,珊瑚礁将遭受永久性的破坏。1998年,海表温度达到历史最高记录,全球的珊瑚礁遭受了最为严重的“漂白”。据估计,即使之后是在最好的条件下,也要花费数十年才能复原。
尽管珊瑚礁面临着环境污染,工业生产以及过度捕捞等其他威胁,但是全球气候变化依然是科学家们最为担忧的。科学家们仍旧希望现在拯救珊瑚礁还为时不晚,有些已经着手相关的研究了。
主旨题。题干问的是“以下哪一项是短文的最佳标题?”根据第一段可知全球有50%的珊瑚礁已经死亡,并且随着气候恶化,珊瑚礁有可能灭绝,并且全文都是围绕珊瑚礁来讲的。C项“珊瑚礁面临灭绝”最切题,故选C。
单选题 The word address in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 第一段最后一句话“If no major steps are taken to address the problem, the reefs may be headed for total extinction.”。
词汇题。题干问的是“第一段中的address最接近以下哪一项的含义?”address 意为“从事;处理”,而且根据定位句“如果不采取有效措施…,珊瑚礁将面临灭绝。”也能推断出address是指能解决、处理珊瑚礁受到破坏、大量死亡的问题。A项“破坏”;B项“坚持”;C项“检查,回顾”;D项“处理,解决”。故选D。
单选题 Why are coral reefs called "the rainforests of the sea"?
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[解析] 第二段第二句话“They are often described as "the rainforests of the sea", because they provide shelter for a wide variety of sea life.”。
细节题。题干问的是“为什么将珊瑚礁称为‘海洋的热带雨林’?”根据定位句“珊瑚礁被誉为‘海洋的热带雨林’,因为它们为海洋生物提供了天然的保护屏障。”可知珊瑚礁对于海洋的作用主要体现在保护海洋生物的方面。虽然在文中提及了B项,但是,并不能体现珊瑚礁享有“海洋的热带雨林”称号的原因。故选A。
单选题 The corals turn ______ in the process of "bleaching".
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 第四段第三句话“then the corals turn white in a process called "bleaching".”。
细节题。题干问的是“在‘漂白’过程中,珊瑚礁会变成什么颜色?”根据定位句“接着,珊瑚礁会在一个被称为‘漂白’的过程中,逐渐变成白色。”可知,珊瑚礁会在这一过程中变成白色。故选D。
单选题 According to the passage, ______ is the biggest threat to coral reefs.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[解析] 第五段第一句话“Although reefs face other threats from pollution, industrial activities, and overfishing, it is global climate change that most concerns scientists.”。
细节题。题干问的是“根据全文,珊瑚礁的最大威胁是什么?”根据定位句“尽管珊瑚礁面临着环境污染(A项),工业生产(C项)以及过度捕捞(B项)等其他威胁,但是全球气候变化(D项)依然是科学家们最为担忧的。”可知,尽管珊瑚礁面临的威胁有很多,但是科学家认为最大的威胁来自于气候变化。故选D。