英译汉 Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. It is difficult to overestimate the significance of literacy (有文化) to a modern society. But in the attempt to find in literacy an explanation for poverty, unemployment, disease, and hopelessness, both in the third world countries and here at home, politicians, educators, and now newsmen have succeeded in just doing that. James Reston wrote in the New York Times years ago: "Between a third and a half of the world's people suffer from hunger or malnutrition. The people of the undeveloped world are the majority of the human race. There are 100 million more illiterates (文盲) in the world today than there were twenty years ago, bringing the total to about 800 million." Notice how easily the author slips from poverty and malnutrition to illiteracy. The transition is possible because of the unexamined assumption that they are casually related. The Russian writer Tolstoy was among the first to point out the social problems such as poverty and unemployment are not to be remedied by teaching people to read and write. What people need are jobs, not reading lessons. In fact, there is now evidence provided by some leading historians and others that increased literacy is as likely to be a consequence of economic growth as a cause of it. It has also been noticed that literacy levels increased dramatically when communities were industrialized and the reason was very likely to lie in the fact that reading became relevant to "one's daily life". As literacy becomes more functional, both parents and children value education increasingly. It is a mistake to attribute social problems simply to personal qualities such as intelligence or literacy not only because such attribution is made without good grounds but also because it leads one to offer inappropriate solutions. Unemployment will not be solved by reading lessons, job training, skills upgrading, and the like, which are perceived as relevant to "one's daily life" and are part of the solution to unemployment. The fundamental part, of course, is job opportunities. To solve a pressing social problem, it is important to describe the problem correctly. 1.According to the author, politicians, educators, and newsmen （ ）. A、are trying to raise the literacy level of the people B、are correct in explaining the reason for poverty in the third world countries C、are overestimating the significance of literacy to a modern society D、are searching for a solution to pressing social problems 2.According to the author, James Reston easily slips from poverty and malnutrition to illiteracy because （ ）. A、it is believed that illiteracy is the cause of poverty B、there are more illiteracy in the world today than twenty years ago C、it has been proved that they are closely related D、illiteracy is an outstanding problem to modern society 3.What does the author use to support his argument? （ ） A、Statistics from reliable sources. B、Facts concerning recent social changes. C、Logical conclusions based on his own observations. D、Views of well-known writers and scholars. 4.According to this passage, industrialization helps to raise the literacy level because （ ）. A、an increasing number of people can afford an education B、it creates job opportunities for a greater number of people C、reading is generally regarded as a necessary part of life in modern society D、personal qualities are improved dramatically 5.The main idea of the passage is that social problems such as poverty and unemployment （ ）. A、are causally related to community development B、cannot be solved by increasing literacy levels C、are the result of underestimating the value of education D、prevent people from raising their levels of literacy