单选题 A small group of Internet security specialists gathered in Singapore to start up a global system to make e-mail and e-commerce more secure, end the rapid growth of passwords and raise the bar significantly for Internet fraud, spies and troublemakers.
The Singapore event included an elaborate technical ceremony to create and then securely store numerical keys that will be kept in three hardened data centers there, in Zurich and in San Jose, Calif. The keys and data centers are working parts of a technology known as Secure DNS, or DNSSEC. DNS refers to the Domain Name System, which is a directory that connects names to numerical Internet addresses. Preliminary work on the security system had been going on for more than a year, but this was the first time the system went into operation, even though it is not quite complete.
The three centers are fortresses made up of five layers of physical, electronic and cryptographic security, making it virtually impossible to damage the system. Four layers are active now. The fifth, a physical barrier, is being built inside the data center.
The technology is viewed by many computer security specialists as a ray of hope amid the recent cascade of data thefts, attacks, disruptions and scandals, including break-ins at Citibank, Sony, Lockheed Martin, RSA Security and elsewhere. It allows users to communicate via the Internet with high confidence that the identity of the person or organization they are communicating with is not being tricked or forged.
Internet engineers like Dan Kaminsky, an independent network security researcher who is one of the engineers involved in the project, want to counteract three major deficiencies in today's Internet. There is no mechanism for ensuring trust, the quality of software is uneven, and it is difficult to track down bad actors.
One reason for these flaws is that from the 1960s through the 1980s the engineers who designed the network's underlying technology were concerned about reliable, rather than secure, communications. That is starting to change with the introduction of Secure DNS by governments and other organizations.
The event in Singapore capped a process that began more than a year ago and is expected to be complete after 300 so-called top-level domains have been digitally signed. Before the Singapore event, 70 countries had adopted the technology, and 14 more were added as part of the event. While large countries are generally doing the technical work to include their own domains in the system, the association of Internet security specialists is helping smaller countries and organizations with the process.

单选题 It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that the global system the Internet security specialists gathered to start up______.

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[试题类型] 推理引申题。
[解题思路] 根据题干关键词Paragraphs 1 and 2可定位至文章第一、二段。文章首段指出，互联网安全专家集会新加坡的目的是启动一个新的全球性网络安全系统。第二段指出该安全系统的目的：使电邮与电子商务更安全，终止密码暴增，极大地增加发生欺诈、间谍活动以及制造麻烦的难度(make e-mail and e-commerce more secure...)。由此可知，新的网络安全系统可以解决互联网安全方面的一系列问题，故推断原来的互联网安全系统并没有解决这些问题，所以与以前的系统相比，新系统具有很多优势，故选项[D]正确。
[干扰排除] 第二段最后一句指出，该安全系统的准备工作已经进行了一年多，在新加坡集会上首次投入使用(Preliminary work on the security...this was the first time the system went into operation)，由此可判断该系统现在已经开始应用了。选项[A]意为“还在筹划阶段”，显然与文意不符，可排除。第一段提到启动新安全系统的目的之一是极大地增加网络欺诈的难度(raise the bar for Internet fraud)，但并没有说能将其完全终结(put an end to)，故选项[B]“终结网络欺诈”与原文不符。本文前两段提及了网络安全专家创建新的安全网络的目的以及该网络系统的某些技术细节，并未涉及人们对该系统的评价，选项[C]“为专家们赢得赞誉”并无依据，故排除。

单选题 The word "counteract"(Line 2, Paragraph 5) most probably means______.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[试题类型] 语义理解题。
[解题思路] 题干要求猜测counteract的意思，该词出现在第五段首句。该句主干部分意为“互联网工程师们想要______互联网目前存在的三个主要不足”，之后的第二句具体指出了有哪三个不足。由此可以推断，既然已经知道现有互联网有不足之处，那么网络安全系统工程师研发新系统的目的应该在于“消除”这些不足。所以counteract应该意为“清除；消除”，选项[A]eliminate(消除，消灭)与之同义，为正确选项。
[干扰排除] 选项[B]意为“抵消；弥补”，是指采用一种方法消除原来某种方法造成的不良后果，使得情况保持不变，而本句提到现有互联网存在不足之处，因此解决方法应该是消除这些缺陷，让网络更加安全，而不是让网络的安全性保持不变，故排除。选项[C]意为“使转向，转移”，选项[D]意为“剥削；开发；利用”，将此两项放回原句，语意不通顺，故排除。

单选题 It is suggested in Paragraph 4 that______.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[试题类型] 推理引申题。
[解题思路] 根据题干关键词Paragraph 4可将本题定位至文章第四段。该段首句指出，在花旗银行、索尼等公司遭到数据盗窃、攻击、破坏和制造丑闻等非法入侵的情况下，很多网络安全专家把这一技术视为一线希望(a ray of hope)。由此可知，网络安全专家们看好“网络安全系统”这一技术，选项[B]是对原文第四段第一句话的同义改写，故为答案。
[干扰排除] 原文第四段提到，近期数据盗窃十分猖獗(cascade of data thefts)，在此背景下，网络科学家们将“网络安全系统”这一技术视为一线希望(a ray of hope)，但不能由此推断出该系统保护许多公司免受数据盗窃，故排除选项[A]。也不能由此推断出许多公司目前正经历网络安全危机，故排除选项[C]。第四段最后一句提到“该技术可以保证用户通过互联网进行通信时，与自己交流的人或组织的身份不是假冒或伪造的”，文中的confidence意指“确信与自己在线交流的人身份真实”，而不是“在线交流使人有信心”，故排除选项[D]。

单选题 We can infer from the last paragraph that______.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[试题类型] 推理引申题。
[解题思路] 根据本题题干中的last paragraph定位至末段。该段第二句指出，在新加坡集会之前已经有70个国家采用了这一技术，又有14个国家成为新加坡集会的新成员(70countries had adopted the technology...)。最后一句也指出“一般来说，大国正在做技术工作，将自己的域名加入该系统中，而互联网安全专家小组正在帮助较小的国家和机构完成这项工作”，由此可判断，各方正在积极采取行动应用该安全系统。选项[C]表述的内容与原文吻合，故为正确选项。
[干扰排除] 选项[A]中的catch on意为“流行”，原文中只是提到该系统目前的进展如何，何时能够完成等情况，并没有对该系统的应用前景做出预测，故排除该选项。选项[B]与末句信息不符，该句提到互联网安全专家们正在帮助较小的国家和机构推进该安全系统的建没(the consortium of Internet security specialists is helping...)，故他们并不是在观望，而是有积极的行动，故排除该项。选项[D]中的“投资该系统”(invest in the system)属无中生有，文中并没有投资网络安全系统的相关内容，故可排除该选项。

单选题 What would be the best title for the text?

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[试题类型] 主旨要义题。
[解题思路] 本题要求拟定文章的最佳标题(the best title)，故需对全文的行文脉络及主旨大意有清晰的把握。本文开宗明义，直奔主题：互联网安全专家启动一个全球性的互联网安全系统，以确保电子邮件和电子商务更为安全，终结密码数量不断增加，极大地增加了互联网欺诈、间谍活动和制造麻烦的难度。第二、三段对新安全系统的技术细节进行了说明。第四至六段说明了新的安全系统要解决的问题、现有网络的缺陷以及造成这些缺陷的原因。末段介绍了该系统的使用进展状况。综上所述，全文讨论的中心是“新的全球网络安全系统”，从其技术特点、功能作用以及使用状况等方面展开，四个选项中，最切合文意的是选项[D]。
[干扰排除] 选项[A]具有较强的干扰性，与原文不符的是independent，该词出现在第五段"Internet engineers like Dan Kaminsky, an independent..."，此处是指Dan Kaminsky独立网络工程师的身份，与新的网络发全系统无关，故排除选项[A]。选项[B]和选项[C]中的关键词都是Secure DNS，这是出现于第二段的一个专有名词，这只是整个网络安全系统涉及的一种技术，并不能概括全文的内容。此外，文章也并未就该技术是否成熟、是否流行做出评价，可见选项[B]和[C]并非本文主旨，故排除。