单选题 In this experiment, Robert Rosenthal and Lenore Jacobson studied the way that innocent subjects might be affected by another person's expectations. First, they gave an intelligence test to the entire student body at an unnamed primary school in the San Francisco area. Then, they selected students at random(随便) and told their teachers that the students' tests had shown that they were about to experience a period of rapid learning. Teachers did not change their methods or materials for teaching the selected students, but, at the end of the year, when the test was administered (实施) again, first and second graders who had been selected had, in fact, gained twice as many IQ points as the other children. The experimenters concluded that they had performed better because they had been given more attention. Teachers had challenged them and had given them more positive reinforcement because they had expected more from them.

单选题 What was tested in this experiment?
A. The influence of IQ test.
B. The influence of selected teachers.
C. The influence of teacher expectations.
D. The influence of teaching methods and materials.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】推理题。根据本文第一句“…that innocent subjects might be affected by another person's expectations。…”可知，本文要说明的就是他人期望对天真孩子发展的影响。结合本文中作者主要描述的在小学中的试验，我们不难得出文中的试验测试的就是教师期望值的影响。所以，[C]正确。

单选题 The children who were selected for the experiment gained more IQ points than the others because they were ______.
A. more clever
B. taught by different teachers
C. taught with new materials and methods
D. given more encouragement by their teachers

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】推理题。根据文中“Teachers…had given them more positive reinforcement．”(教师给了他们更多的正面帮助。) positive reinforcement中包含了很多正面因素如表扬、褒奖、鼓励等。所以根据文义，选[D]正确。

单选题 Teachers gave the selected children more attention because ______.
A. they were not as clever as the other children
B. they were told to teach them in a different way
C. they expected them to learn faster
D. they did not want to challenge them

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】推理题。根据文章第三句可以得出答案。[C]正确。

单选题 What was the conclusion drawn by the experimenters?
A. A clever child scores higher on IQ tests.
B. Teachers should use different teaching methods and materials for clever children.
C. The expectations of teachers influence children's learning.
D. The IQ test used in San Francisco schools should be changed.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】主旨题。从文章中的“…that innocent subjects might be affected by another person's expectations．”、“．．．first and second graders who had been selected had，in fact，gained twice as many IQ points as the other children．”、“…because they had expected more from them．”我们可以从三句话的逻辑关系中推出这个试验的目的就是说明教师的期望影响着学生的学业。所以[C]正确。