填空题Directions: Read the following text and
answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G
for each numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your
answers on the ANSWER SHEET. A．U.S. Is in
Face of Obesity B．Eat Less Fat and Cholesterol
C．Dietary Goals for the U.S. Issued D．The
Americans' Eating Habits Change E．America Becomes Sicker
than Before F．A Nutritional Experiment Is
Performed G．Cardiovascular Disease—America's No. 1
Killer In 1977, the year before I was born, a Senate committee
led by George McGovern published its landmark "Dietary Goals for the United
States", urging Americans to eat less high-fat red meat, eggs and dairy and
replace them with more calories from fruits, vegetables and especially
carbohydrates. {{U}} {{U}} 1 {{/U}}
{{/U}} By 1980 that wisdom was codified. The U.S. Department of
Agriculture (USDA) issued its first dietary guidelines, and one of the primary
directives was to avoid cholesterol and fat of all sorts. The National
Institutes of Health recommended that all Americans over the age of 2 cut fat
consumption, and that same year the government announced the results of a $150
million study, which had a clear message: Eat less fat and cholesterol to reduce
your risk of a heart attack. {{U}} {{U}} 2
{{/U}} {{/U}} The food industry—and American eating
habits—jumped in step. Grocery shelves filled with "light" yogurts, low-fat
microwave dinners, cheese-flavored crackers, cookies. Families like mine
followed the advice: beef disappeared from the dinner plate, eggs were replaced
at breakfast with cereal or yolk-free beaters, and whole milk almost wholly
vanished. From 1977 to 2012, per capita consumption of those foods dropped while
calories from supposedly healthy carbohydrates increased—no surprise, given that
breads, cereals and pasta were at the base of the USDA food pyramid.
{{U}} {{U}} 3 {{/U}} {{/U}} The nation
was embarking on a "vast nutritional experiment", as the skeptical president of
the National Academy of Sciences, Philip Handler, put it in 1980. But with
nearly a million Americans a year dropping dead from heart disease by the
mid-'80s, it had to try something. {{U}} {{U}} 4
{{/U}} {{/U}} Nearly four decades later, the results are in:
the experiment was a failure. Americans cut the fat, but by almost every
measure, they are sicker than ever. The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes in the
U.S. increased 166% from 1980 to 2012. Nearly 1 in 10 American adults has the
disease, costing the country's health care system $245 billion a year, and an
estimated 86 million people are prediabetic. Deaths from heart disease have
fallen—a fact that many experts attribute to better emergency care, less smoking
and widespread use of cholesterol—controlling drugs like statins—but
cardiovascular disease remains the country's No. 1 killer.
{{U}} {{U}} 5 {{/U}} {{/U}} Even the increasing
rates of exercise haven't been able to keep Americans healthy. More than a third
of the country is now obese, making the U.S. one of the fattest countries in an
increasingly fat world. "Americans were told to cut back on fat to lose weight
and prevent heart disease," says Dr. David Ludwig, the director of the New
Balance Foundation Obesity Prevention Center at Boston Children's
Hospital.