翻译题
"Where did the time go?" middle-aged and older adults often remark. Many of us feel that time passes more quickly as we age, a perception that can lead to regrets. 【F1】According to a psychologist and BBC columnist, "the sensation that time speeds up as you get older is one of the biggest mysteries of the experience of time." Fortunately, our attempts to unravel this mystery have yielded some intriguing findings. 【F2】2005, for instance, psychologists Marc Wittmann and Sandra Lenhoff, both then working at the same university, surveyed 499 participants, ranging in age from 14 to 94 years, about the pace at which they felt time moving—from "very slowly" to "very fast." For shorter durations—a week, a month, even a year—the subjects' perception of time did not appear to increase with age. Most participants felt that the clock ticked by quickly. But for longer durations, such as a decade, a pattern emerged: older people tended to perceive time as moving faster. 【F3】When asked to reflect on their lives, the participants older than 40 felt that time elapsed slowly in their childhood but then accelerated steadily through their teenage years into early adulthood. There are good reasons why older people may feel that way. 【F4】When it comes to how to perceive our time, humans can estimate the length of an event from two very different perspectives: a prospective vantage, while an event is still occurring, or a retrospective one, after it has ended. In addition, our experience of time varies with whatever we are doing and how we feel about it. In fact, time does fly when we are having fun. Engaging in a novel exploit makes time appear to pass more quickly in the moment. But if we remember that activity later on, it will seem to have lasted longer than more mundane experiences. The reason? 【F5】Our brain encodes new experiences, but not familiar ones, into memory, and our retrospective judgment of time is based on how many new memories we create over a certain period. In other words, the more new memories we build on a weekend getaway, the longer that trip will seem in hindsight. This phenomenon, which Hammond has dubbed the holiday paradox, seems to present one of the best clues as to why, in retrospect, time seems to pass more quickly the older we get.
【答案解析】①本句是复合句，主句主干是the sensation is one of the biggest mysteries…time，是主系表结构。②that引导的同位语从句解释说明sensation的内容，具体说明这种感觉是什么，从句末还包含了as引导的时间状语从句，说明随着年龄渐长，感觉时间流逝越快。③句首a psychologist and BBC columnist前只出现一个冠词a，说明这是一个具有双重身份的人。意为“一位心理学家兼英国广播公司专栏作家”。
【答案解析】①本句为复合句。②both then working…university为psychologists Marc Wittmann and Sandra Lenhoff伴随状语，说明前面的两位心理学家的工作情况。③ranging in age from 14 to 94 years也是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰说明499名实验对象的年龄范围。④介词短语about the pace后跟有一个定语从句，修饰前面的先行词the pace，说明实验调查的内容；破折号后的是补充说明成分，说明可供调查对象选择的时间流逝速度范围。
【答案解析】①本句为复合句。时间状语从句省略了主语they和be动词are，谓语是被动语态be asked to do sth．，指出实验对象被要求做的是“回忆自己的生活”。②主句中的比较结构older than 40作后置定语，修饰the participants，指“超过四十岁的实验对象”。③that引导的宾语从句作felt的宾语，说明实验对象对时间的感受；从句包含两个并列谓语elapsed slowly和accelerated steadily，指出“童年时光过得很慢，但从青少年成长为成年人时，就感觉时间流逝逐渐加快了”；句尾的through their…early adulthood作宾语从句的时间状语。
【答案解析】①时间状语从句的句型是When it comes to sth．，意思是“当谈及／涉及某事时”，宾语由“疑问词+不定式”结构充当，意为“如何感知时间”。②主句是主谓宾结构，句中from two very different perspectives作状语，说明人类从两种截然不同的角度评估时间的长短。③冒号后面的内容是perspectives的同位语，具体说明是哪两个角度。
【答案解析】①本句为并列复合句。两个分句由and连接，分别说明大脑的记忆和回忆过程。②分句1是encodes A into B结构，意思是指“将A编码存入B”；此处出现由but连接的两个并列名词new experiences和not familiar ones，此处的ones指代前文的experiences。③分句2的谓语是be based on sth．结构，意为“以……为基础”；从句末的we create over a certain period是省略了that的定语从句，修饰new memories。