单选题
Human intelligence and the IQ scales used to measure it once again are becoming the focus of fiery debate As argument rages over declining test scores in the nation's schools, an old but explosive issue is reappearing: What is intelligence—and is it determined largely by genetics? The controversy erupted more than a decade ago when some US scholars saw a racial pattern in the differing scores of students taking intelligence and college-entrance tests. Now, the racial issue is being joined by others. Teachers, psychologists, scientists and lawyers argue over the question of whether IQ —intelligence quotient — tests actually measure mental ability, or if findings are skewed by such factors as family background, poverty and emotional disorders. Moreover, some authorities assert that the rise in the number of college-educated Americans and their tendency to marry among themselves are creating a class of super-smart children of brainy parents — and, on the other side of the scale, a lumpenproletariat of children reflecting the supposedly inferior brainpower of their parents. Critics such as Harvard University biologist Richard C. Lewontin disagree. If mental ability were largely determined by inheritance, he says, efforts to enhance intelligence through the betterment of both home and child-rearing environments could only be marginally effective. He comments: "Genetic determinism could be used to justify existing social injustice as predetermined and inevitable and would render efforts made toward equalitarian goals as useless. " Supporting Lewontin in this is J. McVicker Hunt, a professor at the University of Illinois, who maintains that IQ levels can be raised significantly by exposing children at an early age to stimulating environments. Hunt's studies show that early help in such areas as education and nutrition can raise a child's IQ by an average of 30 to 35 points. At stake in the uproar over IQ is the national commitment to improve the capabilities of the poor by investing billions of dollars annually in educational, medical and job programs.
单选题
The controversy over IQ tests is reappearing because of ______.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】细节题。对应的信息位于第二段。该段第一句指出：As argument rages over declining test scores in the nation's schools…(随着对国内学校学生考试成绩不断下滑这一问题进行的激烈争论……)，即是因为学生成绩下滑才引起争论，故本题答案是[B]。该句中的declining相当于选项中的worsening，而test scores则相当于student's performance in their studies。其余三项都属于抓住原文中的词句进行发挥，与该句所表达的逻辑关系不符。
单选题
The word "skewed"(Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably means______.
单选题
According to some authorities, there will be expected a class of super-smart children because of
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】分析推理题。对应的信息位于第五段第一句：…the rise in the number of college-educated Americans…are creating a class of super-smart children of brainy parents，即由于受过大学教育的美国人越来越多，他们往往只和同样受过大学教育的人结婚，从而产生出许多智力超群、拥有聪明父母的孩子。[A]项指“高等教育的急速发展”，正好符合该句逻辑。其余三项在文中都没有提及，或者只是原文中的词句。
单选题
In the view of biologist Lewontin, intelligence______.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】分析推理题。文章第六段开始提及生物学家Lewontin在这一问题上的观点。首先，该段第一句用disagree一词表明他不认同智商由基因决定的观点，然后用假设情况来补充说明：If mental ability…could only be marginally effective(如果智力主要由遗传决定，那么那些通过改善家庭和养育孩子的环境来提高智力的努力就只可能取得微不足道的效果)。反过来理解，就是说他认为能够通过改善家庭和养育孩子的环境来提高智力，并且已经有了这样的成功例子。因此本题选[C]。其余三项都与此句的言下之意不符。
单选题
From the text we can infer that______.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】分析推理题。短文最后一段表明了作者自己的观点：At stake in the uproar…medical and job programs(人们尚在对IQ这一问题争论不休，而国家是否会通过每年向教育、医疗和就业计划投入数十亿美元来改善贫困人口的能力还是个问题)。这是个倒装句，其中的at stake是个固定搭配，指“成问题，与…攸关，处于成败关头”。由于前面两段介绍的是反对基因决定论、支持后天努力可以提高智力这一观点的两位专家的观点，因此作者此句的意思实际上表明他希望通过这些手段来提高贫困人口的能力。因此，他当然也是反对基因决定论、支持通过后天努力来提高智力这一观点的了，故本题答案是[C]。其余三项都只是抓住了这一句中的个别词句进行的发挥，各有一部分语出无据。