问答题
Speculative grammar includes Thomas Aquinas"s inquiry based on Priscian"s grammar and Donapus" grammar, Petrus Helias" philosophical and logical explanation of Priscian"s grammar and Roger Bacon"s universal account of language under the surface of diversity. Please give your comments on their work and give your own ideas of the universality and diversity of human languages.(100 - 150 words)
【正确答案】正确答案：Aquinas integrated the philosophy of Aristotle into the study of language. He believed that Priscian and Donapus only focused on Latin language and neglected the deeper theoretical explanation. Petrus Helias" philosophical and logical explanation of Priscian"s grammar made philosophy and logic an effective way to explore grammar and triggered the discussion on universal grammar. Bacon believed that the grammars of all the languages are the same in essence and the surface differences are accidental. Speculative Grammar attempts to explore the essence of the language and has great impact on Transformational-Generative Grammar of the 20th century.(5 points) According to Chomsky, Universal Grammar(UG)is a unique knowledge system shared by all normal human beings. UG contains a set of universal rules shared by different languages. Phrases can be produced by using these rules. On the other hand, in the UG there is a set of parameters which vary along different languages. Thus the differences between languages among different nations can be explained by the diversified parameters.(5 points)