Sugar, water, and aluminum are different substances. Each substance has specific properties that do not depend on the quantity of the substance. Properties that can be used to identify or characterize a substance--and distinguish that substance from other substances--are called characteristic properties. They are subdivided into two categories: physical properties and chemical properties.
The characteristic physical properties of a substance are those that identify the substance without causing a change in the composition of the substance. They do not depend on the quantity of substance. Color, odor, density, melting point, boiling point, hardness, metallic luster or shininess, ductility, malleability, and viscosity, are all characteristic physical properties. For example, aluminum is a metal that is both ductile and malleable. Another example of a physical property is water. Whether a small pan of water is raised to its boiling point or a very large kettle of water is raised to its boiling point, the temperature at which the water boils is the same value, 100 degrees C or 212 degrees F. Similarly, the freezing point of water is 0 degrees C or 32 degrees F. These values are independent of quantity.

单选题 According to paragraph 1, what do physical properties and chemical properties have in common? ______
A. They are both used to create most of the substances.
B. They include basic substances like sugar and water.
C. They are classified as characteristic properties of substances.
D. They change in proportion to the amount of the substance.

单选题 The word "pertain" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.
A. compare B. relate C. explain D. change

单选题 The word "which" in the passage refers to ______.
A. properties B. tendency C. density D. ratio

单选题 According to the passage, a carcinogen ______.
A. explodes under pressure B. conducts electricity
C. causes cancer D. tarnishes in air

单选题 Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the highlighted statement in the passage? The other choices change the meaning or leave out important information.
A. Properties that are classified as intensive identify the type of substance and the extent of it present in the surrounding matter.
B. The quantity of a substance influences its extensive properties, but the characteristics of the substance define the intensive properties.
C. Where the intensive and extensive properties are found in substances is important in identifying their characteristics.
D. Both intensive and extensive properties tend to have quantitative rather than qualitative characteristics present.

单选题 In paragraph 8, the author contrasts the concepts of physical and chemical changes by ______.
A. listing several types for each concept
B. providing clear definitions for them
C. identifying the common characteristics
D. using a wax candle as an example

单选题 The word "unique" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.
A. distinctive B. idealized
C. primary D. significant

单选题 What can be inferred about phase changes? ______
A. They are always chemical changes.
B. They are sometimes physical changes.
C. They are dependent on extensive properties.
D. They usually produce new substances.

单选题 The word "critical" in the passage is closest in meaning to ______.
A. last B. important
C. difficult D. simple

单选题 According to the passage, the classification of characteristic properties as "physical" or "chemical" is determined by ______.
A. whether there has been a change in the structure of the substance
B. what happens when the quantity of the substance is increased
C. their classification as either extensive or intensive samples
D. the disappearance of a substance from one form to another

单选题 All of the following are mentioned as characteristic physical properties EXCEPT ______.
A. dissolving in water
B. carrying an electrical charge
C. resisting continuous flow
D. decomposing when heated

单选题 Look at the four squares, , , and

填空题 Directions: Complete the table by matching the phrases on the left with the headings on the right. Select the appropriate answer choices and drag them to the characteristic properties to which they refer. TWO of the answer choices will NOT be used. This question is worth 4 points.
Physical Properties
·______
·______
·______
Chemical Properties
·______
·______
·______
·______

A. Color of the substance
B. Reaction in an acid
C. Decomposition in heat
D. Temperature at which it boils
E. The tendency to shine

F. The inclination to tarnish

G. The shape of the substance

[H] Toxic if swallowed or inhaled

[I] The relative amount in nature