问答题
In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family. Such reasons may seem thin in the modern, secularized society but they have been and are powerful indeed in other places.
In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife, to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way. The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.
Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself. To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family—they need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring.
【正确答案】
【答案解析】在某些社会中,人们希望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭原因:传宗接代,光宗耀祖,博取祖辈的欢心,并维系礼仪。此类理由在现代世俗化的社会中似显苍白,但它们在其他地方曾一度并确实仍是强有力的理由。
此外,有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共通之处,这便是:生儿育女是为着维系或改善婚姻——能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不至于无所事事;修复婚姻或为婚姻注入新的活力;多子多孙,以为家庭幸福维系于此。这一点更可能因为其相反情形而得以凸显:在某些社会中,无法生儿育女(或无法生育男孩)对婚姻可能构成一种威胁,并且可能是离婚的一个顺理成章的理由。
除了所有这一切以外,还有一个原因,那就是后代对于家庭这一社会机构本身所具有的深远意义。对许多人来说,夫妇两人尚不足以构成一个真正意义上的家庭——他们需要孩子来丰富其二人小天地,赋予该小天地真正意义上的家庭性质,并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。
[解析] In some societies people want children for what might be called familial reasons: to extend the family line or the family name, to propitiate the ancestors; to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family.
familial reasons:家族原因。“to extend the family line or the family name”就是汉语中的“传宗接代,延续香火”。“to enable the proper functioning of religious rituals involving the family”字面意思为“使那些涉及家庭的宗教仪式得以正常进行”,但这样的译文读起来很生硬,可以意译为“维系礼仪”。
在某些社会中,人们希望拥有孩子是出于所谓的家庭原因:传宗接代,光宗耀祖,博取祖辈的欢心,并维系礼仪。
In addition, one class of family reasons shares a border with the following category, namely, having children in order to maintain or improve a marriage: to hold the husband or occupy the wife, to repair or rejuvenate the marriage; to increase the number of children on the assumption that family happiness lies that way.
to share a border with sth.:与……有联系;occupy the wife:“occupy”在此处意为“使忙碌”,即“使妻子忙碌,让妻子有事可做”,不可直译为“占有妻子”。英语善用名词或名词短语,但汉语喜用动词,因此翻译时用转译法将“the assumption”译为“多生孩子,因为他们认为,多子才能多福”。
此外,有一类家庭原因与下列类别不无共通之处,这便是:生儿育女是为着维系或改善婚姻——能拴住丈夫或者使妻子不至于无所事事;修复婚姻或为婚姻注入新的活力;多子多孙,以为家庭幸福维系于此。
The point is underlined by its converse: in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce.
underline:显示(其重要性),整句译为“这一点从相反的方面更易显现”。in some societies the failure to bear children (or males) is a threat to the marriage and a ready cause for divorce:“and”在此处表示递进的关系,译为“也,而且”,全句译为“不生孩子(或不生男孩)不仅对婚姻构成威胁,还成为离婚的正当理由。”
这一点更可能因为其相反情形而得以凸显:在某些社会中,无法生儿育女(或无法生育男孩)对婚姻可能构成一种威胁,并且可能是离婚的一个顺理成章的理由。
Beyond all that is the profound significance of children to the very institution of the family itself.
“beyond all that”意为“除此以外”;“institution”和“family”是同位关系,其意义并不是“风俗习惯”或“制度”,而是人类社会长期以来就有的社会机构或部门。因此,“institution of the family itself”这个短语可译为“家庭自身这个机构或部门”。
除了所有这一切以外,还有一个原因,那就是后代对于家庭这一社会机构本身所具有的深远意义。
To many people, husband and wife alone do not seem a proper family—they need children to enrich the circle, to validate its family character, to gather the redemptive influence of offspring.
redemptive influence:赎救作用。该用法与基督教的教义有关,认为生孩子可以赎罪,可以了却罪孽,因为人类的共同祖先亚当和夏娃因吃禁果而有了罪孽。
对许多人来说,夫妇两人尚不足以构成一个真正意义上的家庭——他们需要孩子来丰富其二人小天地,赋予该小天地真正意义上的家庭性质,并从子孙后代身上获取某种回报。