单选题
Leading the Strategic Changes

The leader is the change strategist, whose role is to lead, to champion the changes, to promote the vision, to keep the organisation travelling in the chosen direction, and to ensure that all those involved in implementing the changes, the strategies, perform to the best of their ability. There are a range of leadership styles that could be drawn on. Some would argue that certain changes need an autocratic, aggressive style of leadership, and, whilst there may be the need for an element of this approach, if used as a single style it rarely results in a positive post-change environment. This is the flaw in this approach, for, after the changes have been implemented, and the strategies are in place, the managers, specialists, operational employees, and all contributing stakeholders, must work together in a harmonious, positive, manner to make the desired progress and achieve the objectives. If the leadership style during the change has been harsh, unforgiving, and aggressive, it may take many months, even years, to re-establish a positive environment, a healthy, goals focused, teamwork driven culture. The only logical choice of leadership style in any major change is one that combines all the styles, but leans heavily to those which focus on a team approach. The leader adopts a flexible, responsive style, that is a blend of the consultative, participative, and democratic, leaving room for an occasional, sparing touch of the autocratic to be employed if absolutely necessary. This style will then be the foundation on which the "new", changed, organisation is built on.
Performance at the strategic, corporate level must be monitored by the leader. Changing strategic direction, no matter how thorough the preparation and planning, entails taking the organisation into uncharted territory. The leader is the guide, the expert, the most high profile member of the team embarking on this journey, and as such must be constantly aware of how much progress is being made and, when required, able to adjust the pace of progress and degree of activity to ensure that progress is satisfactory. To be successful in this the leader must carry out monitoring and evaluation activity on a regular basis, demanding timely and accurate information with which to make the assessment. In turn, the senior management team must show that they are successfully cascading this review and evaluation process down into the operational activity areas. The leader must set evidence of achievement of this task as one of the performance appraisal criteria for the senior managers, and they in turn must apply this approach to the operational managers and teams, as discussed below.

单选题 The author thinks that
A. an autocratic style of leadership results in a positive post-change environment.
B. an autocratic style of leadership is the most proper style of leadership to adopt.
C. an autocratic style of leadership proves free from defects.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】题干意为:作者认为?A项意为:独断专行的领导风格会导致转变之后产生积极的环境氛围;B项意为:独断专行的领导风格是最适合采用的方法;C项意为:独断专行的领导风格被证明是有缺陷的。原文提到:“某些转变需要独断专行的、攻击性的领导风格,而且可能会需要这种方法中的某些要素,但是,如果作为唯一的风格,它极少会带来转变之后的积极的环境氛围,这就是这种方法的缺陷所在。”由此可知A项错误,B项没有提及,C项与原文相符,故答案为C。
单选题 All the statements are correct concerning the autocratic style of leadership except
A. it involves being harsh and unforgiving.
B. it requires a lot of time to recreate a harmonious environment after change.
C. it ensures an organisation to sail through change successfully.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】题干意为:关于独断专行的领导风格的叙述,不正确的是?A项意为:它是严苛、不宽容的;B项意为:它需要长时间来建立转变后的和谐氛围;C项意为:它确保组织成功渡过转变。原文提到:“如果转变期的领导风格是严苛、不宽容和充满攻击性的,它将需要好几个月,甚至几年来重新建立一种积极的环境氛围和一种健康、目标明确而富有团队精神的文化。”A项和B项的内容与原文符合。而对于C项,原文仅提到转变中可能会需要这种领导风格中的某些要素,但是没有说它能否保证组织成功转变,所以不正确,故答案为C。
单选题 What is the only reasonable choice of leadership style in a major change?
A. One that is autocratic.
B. One that is positive.
C. One that is flexible and responsible.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】题干意为:在巨大转变中应采用的最合理的领导风格是什么?A项意为:专断的风格;B项意为:积极的风格;C项意为:灵活的风格。原文提到:“在巨变中最合逻辑的领导风格应该是融和了所有风格的那一种……领导者采用灵活的、对外界作出积极响应的风格,那是协商性的、参与性的和民主的风格的结合……”,A项是作者批判的,B项原文没有提到,结合原文可知只有C项与原文一致,故答案为C。
单选题 Which is a characteristic of changing strategic direction?
A. The decision needs to be made by the leader.
B. Risks are involved in the process.
C. It will be safe with preparation and planning.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】题干意为:改变策略方向的特点是什么?A项意为:由领导者制定政策;B项意为:涉及风险;C项意为:如果有准备和计划,则可以安全进行。原文提到“改变策略方向,不管准备和计划得多充分,都会将组织带入未知的领域”,由此可知C项错误,“未知的领域”说明了风险的存在,故B项正确,A项在文中没有提及,故答案为B。
单选题 Which is NOT the duty of the leader in a major change?
A. To keep a high profile
B. To adjust the pace of progress
C. To monitor and evaluate activity
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】题干意为:哪一项不是领导者在巨大转变中的职责?A项意为:保持高姿态;B项意为:调整前进的步调,C项意为:“监控和评估活动。原文提到:“领导者是向导、专家、组织开始征程的高级别成员”,其中“high profile”意为“高级别的”,而不是“高姿态”,故A项错误。原文提到“领导者要调整活动的步调与等级、要经常性地监控和评估活动”,这些内容与B项和C项吻合,故答案为A。
单选题 Which is the duty of the senior managers?
A. They apply performance appraisal criteria for operational managers.
B. They set performance appraisal criteria for themselves.
C. They set performance appraisal criteria for the operational teams.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】题干意为:哪一项是高级经理的职责?A项意为:将绩效评估标准应用于运营经理;B项意为:为自己制定绩效评估标准;C项意为:为运营团队制定绩效评估标准。原文提到“领导人必须将这项任务的成绩证明作为对高级经理进行绩效评估的标准,而高级经理必须将这种办法运用到运营经理和运营团队上”,由此可知只有领导者才能制定绩效评估标准,故B项和C项错误,而A项的内容与原文相符,故答案为A。