单选题
In ancient (古老的) times the most important examinations were
spoken instead of written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing
usually includes saying poetry aloud or giving speeches. In the
European universities of the Middle Ages, those students who were working for
advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people
who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of
the process (过程) of testing candidates (考生) for the doctor's degree.
Generally, however, modem examinations are written. The written
examination, where all students are tested on the same question, was probably
not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the
great increase in population and the development of modem industry. A room full
of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and
carefully watched over by managers, resembles (类似) a group of workers at an
automobile factory. Generally, during examinations teachers and students are
expected to act like machines. One type of test is sometimes
called an "objective" (客观的) test. It is designed to do with facts, not personal
opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of (一系列的)
questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question
the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like
correct answers to students who have not learned the material properly.
单选题
In ancient times students ______.
A. almost never wrote exams
B. specialized in one subject
C. were timed by electric clocks
D. took objective tests
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】[解析] 细节题。题干意为“在古代学生______。”从文章第一段第一句话“In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken instead of written.”可知，在古代，最重要的考试都是口试而没有笔试。所以本题的正确答案为A。
【答案解析】[解析] 推断题。题干意为“现代的工业一定是在______发展的。”从文章第三段第二句和第三句话“The written examination... of modern industry.”可知，直到19世纪这种使用同样的问题来测验所有学生的笔试形式才为人所知。笔试的形成可能和人口的激增以及现代工业的发展有关。由此可以推知，现代的工业一定是在19世纪发展起来的。所以本题的正确答案为A。
单选题
The kind of exams where students must select answers are ______.