单选题 A beautiful woman lowers her eyes shyly beneath a hat. In an earlier era, her gaze might have signaled a mysterious allure. But this is a 2003 advertisement for Zoloft, an inhibitory drug approved by the F.D.A. to treat social anxiety disorder. "Is she just shy? Or is it Social Anxiety Disorder?" reads the caption, suggesting that the young woman is not luring people at all. She is sick.
This does us all grave harm, because shyness and timidness—or more precisely, the careful, sensitive temperament from which both often spring—are not just normal. Indeed, they are valuable. And they may be essential to the survival of our species.
But shyness and introversion share an undervalued status in a world that prizes being sociable. Children's classroom desks are now often arranged in pods, because group participation supposedly leads to better learning. Many adults work for organizations that now assign work in teams, in offices without walls, for supervisors who value "people skills" above all. As a society, we prefer action to contemplation, risk-taking to heed-taking, certainty to doubt. As the psychologist William Hart points out, phrases like "get active," "get moving," "do something" and similar calls to action surface repeatedly in recent books.
Yet shy and introverted people have been part of our species for a very long time, often in leadership positions. We find them in recent history, in figures like Charles Darwin and Albert Einstein, and, in contemporary times: think of Google's Larry Page.
Sitters and strollers favor different survival strategies, which could be summed up as the sitter's "Look before you leap" versus the stroller's inclination to "Just do it!" Once you know about sitters and strollers, you see them everywhere, especially among young children. Drop in on your local Mommy and Me music class: there are the sitters, intently watching the action from their mothers' laps, while the strollers march around the room banging their drums and shaking their maracas.
Relaxed and exploratory, the strollers have fun, make friends and will take risks, both rewarding and dangerous ones, as they grow. In contrast, sitter children are careful and shrewd, and tend to learn by observing instead of by acting. They notice scary things more than other children do, but they also notice more things in general. The psychologist Gregory Feist found that many of the most creative people in a range of fields are introverts who are comfortable working in solitary conditions in which they can f0CUS attention inward. Another advantage sitters bring to leadership is a willingness to listen to and implement other people's ideas.
Now, it's time for the young woman in the Zoloft ad to rediscover her lure.

单选题 By citing the image of the woman, the author intends to______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】[试题类型] 篇章结构题。
[解题思路] 本题就作者在首段中引用广告中女子形象的目的提问，故可将答案定位至第一段。该段作者首先描述了一个害羞女子的形象，并指出这在过去很有吸引力，在现代却表示社交焦虑(social anxiety)。但下文第二段马上指出，这给人们造成了伤害，因为害羞不仅很正常，还能帮助人们维持生存。据此行文顺序可推知作者描述女子的形象，意在说明人们对性格内向的人的看法，继而引出自己的看法，即文章的主题：内向型人格(害羞)很有价值，放选项[D]符合作者的意图，为答案。
[干扰排除] 选项[A]根据首段第二句中的allure设置干扰，文章中的例子肯定是为全文主旨服务的，本文主旨是内向型人格(害羞)的价值，而非其魅力(glamour)，故排除选项[A]。选项[B]脱离文章主旨，首段提及广告中女子形象的目的是引入主题，并非就广告影响力展开讨论，故排除选项[B]。选项[C]无中生有，文章并没有讨论害羞的原因，只论述了害羞的价值，故排除选项[C]。
单选题 The author's attitude towards the organization of children's class is one of______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[试题类型] 观点态度题。
[解题思路] 由题干中的关键词children's class可定位至文章第三段，该段首句为主题句：害羞和内向的价值在这个鼓励社交的世界被低估了。接着作者以具体事例说明这一现象，比如学生的课桌以小组形式进行摆放，以便提高学习效率，即学生课堂课桌的摆放方式是“低估害羞的价值”的体现，显然作者对这种做法是不认同的，故选项[C]为答案。
[干扰排除] 本文中作者的观点很明确，即说明害羞等内向型人格的好处。而学生们课桌以群体为单位的组织形式表现的是整个世界对社会化，即外向型人格的推崇，这与作者的观点是背道而驰的。选项[A]错误，文中作者的主观态度很明显，对课桌摆放这种提倡外向型人格的方式并非持客观态度。选项[B]也不正确，作者在文中直截了当地表明了观点，并没有质疑。选项[D]意为“愤怒的”，这个词感情色彩过于浓厚，文中并没有信息表明作者“愤怒”的情绪，故选项[D]也不正确。
单选题 It can be inferred from the text that many famous figures______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】[试题类型] 推理引申题。
[解题思路] 由题干中的关键词famous figures可定位至第四段第二句。该句提到了几个著名人物：查尔斯·达尔文、阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦、谷歌的拉里·佩奇。句中的them指代前一句中提到的shy and introverted people，该句与上一段内容形成转折，指出害羞与内向型的人在历史上层出不穷，且通常处于领头人的位置(Yet shy and introverted people have been...leadership positions)，故可判断尽管成功者中有很多人性格害羞内向，但这并不影响他们成为成功的领头人，选项[C]与此相符。
[干扰排除] 原文只提到了害羞内向的人自古就有，且往往居领导之位，没有具体说明他们内向害羞的表现，选项[A]属于无中生有，可排除。选项[B]意为“名人们可能太害羞而成不了领导者”，与原文意思相悖，也可排除。作者全文都在论述内向型人格的价值，但并没有提及“接受自己”，文中提到名人的共同特点是内向但成功，与是否“接受自己”无关，故选项[D]错误。
单选题 Which of the following differentiates a sitter from a stroller?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】[试题类型] 具体信息题。
[解题思路] 由题干中的关键词sitter和stroller定位至文章第五段和第六段。第五段简要介绍了两者之间的差别，第六段对两者之间的差别进行了具体分析。第六段第二句和第三句指出sitters的特性：他们细心而敏锐(careful and shrewd)，善于以观察而不是行动来学习(tend to learn by observing instead of by acting)，与其他孩子相比，更易觉察危险，而且注意到的东西更多(notice scary things, also notice more things in general)。由此可以看出，敏锐的观察力是sitters的一个重要特点，选项[B]中的keen与原文中的shrewd为同义替换，insight与observing属于同一语义范畴，故选项[B]为答案。
[干扰排除] 在分析sitters和strollers的不同时，除了sitters观察力强之外，作者还提到了“许多最具创造力者为性格内向者，他们乐于独立工作(who are comfortable working in solitary condition)，乐于倾听(willingness to listen to)，实施他人的想法(to implement other people's idea)。选项[A]意为“乐观精神”，选项[D]意为“口才好，有感染力”，这两项在文中均没有提及。选项[C]意为“执行效果”，是对implement other people's ideas的曲解，文中此处：卷为“他们更愿意倾听并实施他人的想法”，并没有说明“实施想法”的效果，故可排除选项[D]。
单选题 The author suggests that the traditional shyness of a woman______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】[试题类型] 推理引申题。
[解题思路] 本题就作者对“传统女性羞怯”的态度提问，可联系首尾两段的内容进行分析。末段意为“现在该是Zoloft广告里的年轻女子重新发现自己魅力的时候了”，其中“Zoloft广告中的女子”与第一段遥相呼应，意指“害羞的女子”。此广告认为“害羞是一种病”，但作者却呼吁应该“发现害羞的魅力”，说明作者对害羞的态度是推崇的，选项[A]意为“应该予以赞美”肯定了害羞的好处，符合文意，故为答案。
[干扰排除] 本文没有提到广告中女人害羞具体有什么实用价值，因此选项[B]“能发挥些作用”无依据，应排除。选项[C]“对男性具有极大吸引力”是对lure的字面解释，并不能体现作者的观点。选项[D]意为“表明进化策略”，全文讨论的只是害羞的价值，虽然在第二段最后一句中指出害羞或者害羞的性格人类物种的生存至关重要，但作者对二者之间的关系也不确定，故选项[D]错误。