单选题

The Teacher's Influence upon the Development of Attitudes

Of all the areas of learning, the most important is the development of attitudes. Emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people.
"The burnt child fears the fire" is one instance: another is the rise of dictators like Hitler. Both these examples also point out the fact that attitudes stem from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive: in the other it was indirect and accumulative. The Nazis were filled largely with the speeches they heard and the books they read.
The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose words they respect.
Another reason, it is true that pupils often study somewhat deeply a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico, his teacher's method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.
The media which the teacher can develop healthy attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, beliefs and nationalities), science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom, these are a few of the fertile fields for the education of proper emotional reactions.
However, when children come to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.
To illustrate, first grade pupils' afraid of policemen will properly alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all day trips.
Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be harmful if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decisions as a result of objective analysis of the facts.

单选题 The author writes this passage primarily in order to show us that ______.

A. attitudes affect our actions
B. teachers play a significant role in developing or changing pupils' attitudes
C. attitudes can be changed by some classroom experiences
D. by their attitudes, teachers affect pupils' attitudes unintentionally

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 作者写本文的目的是讲述教师对学生观念形成的主导作用，文章第三段首句提出这一观点，然后在下面几段中分别论述，所以选B。A、C本身都正确，但作者对A的说法只是在第一段中提到过，并没有在下文加以阐述，因此不可能是作者的主要目的，而C是文章中提到的一个细节，用来说明老师在影响学生态度方面所起的重要作用。D与原文中的说法不一致，文中第三段提到“The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes”，老师是可以有意识地影响改变学生的观点态度的。

单选题 The author suggests that ______.

A. in some aspects of social studies a greater variety of methods can be used in the upper grades than in the lower grades
B. the teacher should guide all discussions by revealing her own attitude
C. people usually act on the basis of reasoning rather than on emotion
D. children's attitudes often come from those of adults

【正确答案】 D

【答案解析】[解析] 原文第三段中提到“...children acquires attitudes from those adults whose words they respect”，如果儿童信服一位成年人说的话，那么儿童就会学习这个成年人的态度，所以选D。A项文中并未提及。通读全文可知，作者并不赞同B项，文章最后一段提到“...if she has personal prejudices”，文中第一段提至4“Emotional reasons as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people”，可排除C项。

单选题 A statement NOT made or implied in the passage is that ______.

A. worthwhile attitudes may be developed in practically every subject area
B. a child can develop in the classroom an attitude about the importance of brushing his teeth
C. attitudes cannot easily be changed by rewards and lectures
D. the attitudes of elementary school aged children are influenced primarily by the way they were treated

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】[解析] 注意题中的“NOT”。文章指出，教师可以帮助学生在某些领域培养观念，但并未说所有的领域，A过于绝对，所以选A。文中第四段提及老师可以影响的媒介很多，其中包括“science matters of health and safety”，因此B项结论可以得出。文中第二段提到“：attitudes stem from experience”，因此推断其不会轻易被奖品和讲座改变。

单选题 The word "controversial" in the last sentence of this passage is closest in meaning to ______.

A. referential
B. debatable
C. indispensable
D. recessive

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】[解析] 本题考查对某一词的理解。在本句中说，在某些问题上，孩子们应该通过客观分析事实来得出自己的结论，可推断出这些问题没有固定的答案，从而判断“controversial”的意思是“有争议的”，与“debatable”同义，故选B。A“指示的，有参考内容的，用作参考的”；C“不可缺少的”；D“退行的，逆行的”，放在原文中均不合适。

单选题 By citing the example of Hitler and Nazis, the author wants to say that ______.

A. Hitler stemmed from experience
B. the experience can form people's attitude directly
C. the experience can form people's attitude indirectly
D. Nazis like Hitler's speeches and books

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】[解析] 作者在第二段中提到了两个例子，都是为了说明“attitudes stem from experience”，二者的不同之处在于希特勒的例子说明了经历对于形成观念态度的作用是“indirect and accumulative”，而另一个例子则是“direct and impressive”，我们要注意辨别作者论述的重点，经历可以直接影响态度很容易理解，而作者是要强调间接的影响，所以选C。