阅读理解
Everyone knows that being the parent of an infant is hard. There's the sleeplessness, the screaming fits to tend to, the loss of autonomy, the social isolation and the complete monotony of it.
Everyone also knows that there is only one socially acceptable response to this predicament: a dogged insistence that the adoration you feel for your child makes all the sacrifices worthwhile. The only valid excuse for feeling sad or despondent is a postpartum hormonal crash.
This is the ideology of modern parenting, and it can lead to unnecessary feelings of guilt and shame, for it ignores an inconvenient truth: that many women and men experience significant psychological distress in response to becoming a parent and that much of this distress isn't caused by a hormonal epiphenomenon of the birth process. It is driven instead in large measure by the objectively bleak circumstances new parents often face. That you're your child is not always sufficient to counteract this reality.
Fortunately, over the past few years, the ideology of parenting has been challenged by social scientists, who have repeatedly demonstrated a profound disconnect between parenting dogma and the actual experience of parenthood.
According to a 2010 article, among new parents—three to six months postpartum—42 percent of mothers and 26 percent of fathers exhibit signs of clinical depression.
The story is similarly bleak when we look at people's day-to-day experiences. In a study published in the journal Science, people reported their emotional experiences during each of 16 activities over the course of the previous day: working, commuting, exercising, watching TV, eating, socializing and so on. They experienced more negative emotion when parenting than during any activity other than working.
Parenthood takes its toll on your relationships as well. A 2009 study found that the transition to parenthood is linked to reduced happiness in the marriage and more negative behavior during spousal conflict.
This research, which doesn' t even touch on the staggering financial cost of raising a child, provides clear evidence that for many people becoming a parent is one part blessing, one part trauma.
Given the ideology of parenting, it' s not surprising that we typically blame biology for the experience of postpartum depression. But the fact that postpartum depression rates are much higher among the poor than among the wealthy, who can purchase peace of mind through hired child care, supports the idea that the phenomenon is, in most cases, more circumstantial than biological.
Everyone also knows that there is only one socially acceptable response to this predicament: a dogged insistence that the adoration you feel for your child makes all the sacrifices worthwhile. The only valid excuse for feeling sad or despondent is a postpartum hormonal crash.
This is the ideology of modern parenting, and it can lead to unnecessary feelings of guilt and shame, for it ignores an inconvenient truth: that many women and men experience significant psychological distress in response to becoming a parent and that much of this distress isn't caused by a hormonal epiphenomenon of the birth process. It is driven instead in large measure by the objectively bleak circumstances new parents often face. That you're your child is not always sufficient to counteract this reality.
Fortunately, over the past few years, the ideology of parenting has been challenged by social scientists, who have repeatedly demonstrated a profound disconnect between parenting dogma and the actual experience of parenthood.
According to a 2010 article, among new parents—three to six months postpartum—42 percent of mothers and 26 percent of fathers exhibit signs of clinical depression.
The story is similarly bleak when we look at people's day-to-day experiences. In a study published in the journal Science, people reported their emotional experiences during each of 16 activities over the course of the previous day: working, commuting, exercising, watching TV, eating, socializing and so on. They experienced more negative emotion when parenting than during any activity other than working.
Parenthood takes its toll on your relationships as well. A 2009 study found that the transition to parenthood is linked to reduced happiness in the marriage and more negative behavior during spousal conflict.
This research, which doesn' t even touch on the staggering financial cost of raising a child, provides clear evidence that for many people becoming a parent is one part blessing, one part trauma.
Given the ideology of parenting, it' s not surprising that we typically blame biology for the experience of postpartum depression. But the fact that postpartum depression rates are much higher among the poor than among the wealthy, who can purchase peace of mind through hired child care, supports the idea that the phenomenon is, in most cases, more circumstantial than biological.
单选题
6.The ideology of modern parenting insists that_____.
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段。本段开头提到This is the ideology of modern parenting，This is提示答案信息从上文找。第二段出现了a dogged insistence，那么它后面的内容应是现代为人父母的理念。因此C项“你爱你的孩子使得所有的牺牲都是值得的”与原文the adoration you feel for your child makes all the sacrifices worthwhile相符，为正确答案。
单选题
7.Young parents experience significant psychological distress because of_____.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第三段。文中提到many women and men experience significant psychological distress…It is driven instead in large measure by the objectively bleak circumstances new parents often face．因此D项为正确答案，即年轻父母们承受了很大的心理压力，而这在很大程度上是父母们面对前景黯淡的生活导致的。
单选题
8.The actual experience of parenthood includes all of the following EXCEPT_____.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】细节题。根据题干关键词定位到第四段。本段提到社会科学家们发现了a profound disconnect between parenting dogma and the actual experience of parenthood，接下来的三段分别讲述了现实中父母有哪些遭遇，如clinical depression，more negative emotion，reduced happiness in the marriage，more negative behavior during spousal conflict，substantial reductions in the size of a parent’s networks of family and friends等等，因此B项表述与原文不符，为正确答案。
单选题
9.The phrase "takes its toll on your relationships" (Para. 7) probably means_____.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】含义题。根据题干关键词定位到第七段。本段第一句话为Parenthood takes its toll on your relationships as well，接下来做了具体说明，如reduced happiness in the marriage，more negative behavior during spousal conflict，substantial reductions in the size of a parent’s networks of family and friends，由此可见为人父母给夫妻关系带来的是消极影响，因此A项为正确答案，take its toll on…意为“对……造成负面影响”。
单选题
10.We can learn from the last two paragraphs that_____.
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】推断题。根据题干关键词定位到最后两段。根据倒数第二段的for many people becoming a parent is one part blessing，one part trauma可知，B项“对很多人来说，做父母是一种情感伤害”与原文相符，为正确答案。