结构推理 Directions: Read the following passage(s) carefully and give brief answers to the questions. Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. What is exactly a lie? Is it anything we say which we know is untrue? Or is it something more than that? For example, suppose a friend wants to borrow some money from you, you say “I wish I could help you but I'm short of money myself.” In fact, you are not short of money but your friend is in the habit of not paying his dues and you don't want to hurt his feelings by reminding him of this. Is this really a lie? A scientific study of lying shows women are better at lying than men, especially when telling a “white lie”, such as when a woman at a party tells another woman that she likes her dress when she really thinks it looks terrible. However, this is only one side of the story. Other studies show that men are more likely to tell more serious lies, such as making a promise which they have no intention of carrying it out. This is the kind of lie political officials and businessmen are supposed to be especially good at: the lie from which the one who lies hopes to benefit or gain in some way. Research has also been done into the way people's behavior changes in a number of small, apparently unimportant ways when they lie. It has been found that if they are sitting down at the same time, they are likely to move about in their chairs more than usual. To the trained watcher, they are saying “I wish I were somewhere else now”. 1. According to the passage, why sometimes is it necessary to tell a lie? 2. In paragraph 2, the expression “women are better at lying than men” probably means ________. 3. What is “a white lie” according to the passage? 4. Political officials and businessmen tell lies in order to ________. 5. It can be concluded from the passage that we can know whether people are lying by ________.