单选题Directions:After reading the following passage, you will
find 5 unfinished statements or questions. For each statement there are four
choices marked A, B, C and D, you should make the best choice and mark the
corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the
center. Adam Smith was the first person to see the
importance of the division of the labor. He gave us an example of the process by
which pins were made in England. One man draws out the wire,
another strengthens it, a third cuts it, a fourth points it, and a fifth gives
it a head. Just to make the head requires two or three different operations. The
work of making pins is divided into about eighteen different operations, which
in some factories are all performed by different people, though in others the
same man will sometimes perform two or three of them. Ten men,
Smith said, in this way, turned out twelve pounds of pins a day or about 4,800
pins a worker. But if all of them had worked separately and independently
without division of labor, they certainly could not have made twenty pins in a
day and not even one. There can be no doubt that division of
labor is an efficient way of organizing work. Fewer people can make more pins.
Adam Smith saw this, but he also took it for granted that division of labor is
itself responsible for economic growth and development and it accounts for the
difference between expanding economies and those that stand still. But division
of labor adds nothing new. It only enables people to produce more of what they
already have.
单选题
According to the passage, Adam Smith was the first person to ______.
A. take advantage of the physical labor
B. introduce the division of labor into England
C. understand the effects of the division of labor
D. explain the bad causes of the division of labor
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 由第一段第一句话可知。
单选题
Adam Smith saw that the division of labor ______.
A. enabled each worker to design pins more quickly
B. increased the possible output per worker
C. increased the number of people employed in factories
D. improved the quality of pins produced
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】[解析] 由第二段和第三段的例子可以得出答案。
单选题
Adam Smith mentioned the number 4,800 in order to ______.
A. show the advantages of the old labor system
B. stress how powerful the individual worker was
C. show the advantages of the division of labor
D. stress the importance of increased production
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 作者提到4800这个数字是为了说明分工劳动的优点。
单选题
According to the writer, Adam Smith's mistake was in believing that the
division of labor ______.
A. was an efficient way of organizing work
B. was an important development in methods of production
C. finally led to economic development
D. increased the production of existing goods
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】[解析] 由最后一段可以得知答案。
单选题
According to the writer, which one of the following is NOT true?
A. Division of labor can enable fewer people to make more pins.
B. Division of labor helps people to produce more of what they already
have.
C. Division of labor is by no means responsible for economic growth.
D. Division of labor is an efficient way of organizing work.