阅读理解
Public relations is management function that creates, develops, and carries out policies and programs to influence public opinion. or public reaction about an idea, a product, or an organization. The field of public relations has become an important part of the economic, social and political pattern of life in many nations. That field includes advertising, promotional activities, and press contact. Public relations also exists at the same time in business with marketing and merchandising to create the climate in which all selling functions occur.
Public relations activities in the modern world help institutions to cope successfully with many problems, to build prestige for an individual or a group, to promote products, and to win elections. The majority of public relations workers are staff employees working within a corporate or institutional framework. Others operate in public relations counseling firms.
In industry, public relations personnel keeps management informed of changes in the opinions of various publics (that is, the groups of people whose support is needed: employees, stockholders (股东),customers, suppliers, dealers, the community, and the government). These professionals counsel management as to the impact of any action or lack of action on the behavior of the target audiences. Once an organizational decision has been made, the public relations person has the task of communicating this information to the public using methods that promote understanding, and desired behavior. For example, a hospital merger, an industrial plant closing, or the introduction of a new product all require public relations planning and skill.
Public relations activities are a major part of the political affairs in many nations. Politicians seeking office, government agencies seeking acceptance and cooperation, officials seeking support for their policies, and foreign governments seeking aid and allies abroad all make extensive use of counseling services provided by public relations specialists.
Public relations also play an important role in the entertainment industry. The theater, motion pictures, sports, restaurants, and individuals all use public relations services to increase their business or add to their image. Other public relations clients are educational, social service and charitable institutions, trade unions, religious groups, and professional societies.
The successful public relations practitioner(从业者) is a specialist in communication arts and persuasion. Specialized skills are required to handle public opinion research, media relations, direct mail activities, institutional advertising, publications, film and video production, and special events. Public relations services are so far virtually unused in many developing nations, but they are likely to be a future government concern.
单选题
In Paragraph One, the author mainly tells us ______.
单选题
According to the passage, what would a public relations person probably do after a decision is made in industry?
【正确答案】
C
【答案解析】推理判断题。注意本题问的是在工业界决策做出后公关人员的活动。文章第三段第三句提到，一旦“an organizational decision”做出后，“the public relations person”即承担起将这个信息传递给公众的责任，采取某些方式让人们了解这个决定并依照决策者的设想做出“desired behavior”，故选项[C]“与公众建立面对面的交流”符合题意。选项[B]“给决策者提供建议”一般应该是在第四段中所提到的公共关系人员在政治领域中的活动，故错误；而选项[D]“组织诸如记者招待会之类的活动”一般是娱乐界公关人员的活动方式而非工业界公关人员的做法，故也错误。
单选题
The passage mentions all of the following statements except that ______.
【正确答案】
A
【答案解析】事实细节题。文章第四段第一句指出，“Public relations activities are a major part of the political affairs”，故选项[B]不符合题目要求；文章第五段第一句指出，公共关系在娱乐界也“Play an important role”，故选项[C]不符合题目要求；文章第三句中指出，“that field(指公共关系领域)includes advertising， promotional activities and press contact”同选项[D]的意思相吻合，故选项[D]不符合题目要求。整篇文章主要讲了公关活动的作用，而未详细具体讲公关关系职业人员工作的各种作用，故[A]符合题目要求，为正确答案。
单选题
We can infer from the last two paragraphs that ______.