【正确答案】正确答案：Social changes produce changes in language. Once society starts changing, then language change produces special effects.(1 point) There are several possible relationships between language and society. One is that social structure may either influence or determine linguistic structure and/or behavior. Studies show that the varieties of language that speakers use reflect such matters as their regional, social, or ethnic origin and possibly even their gender; and other studies show that particular ways of speaking, choices of words and even rules for conversing are in fact highly determined by certain social requirements.(3 points) A second possible relationship is directly opposed to the first; Linguistic structure and/or behavior may either influence or determine social structure. This is the claims of Bernstein and many of those who argue that languages rather than speakers of these languages can be "sexist".(3 points) A third possible relationship is that the influence is bi-directional; Language and society may influence each other. One variant of this approach is that this influence is dialectical in nature. Speech behavior and social behavior are in a state of constant interaction and material living conditions are an important factor in the relationship.(3 points) Sociolinguistic competence enables the individual to cope with language situations in everyday life. It refers to the knowledge of stylistic differences usually called register variation.(1 point) The language development at school involves not only the elaboration of a grammatical system, but also the ability to use language as an instrument for learning, and the ability to use language appropriately in varying context. This is important for defining the objectives of language teaching and learning.(3 points)The second generalization is the importance of social interaction in language teaching. The learning environments in which children are embedded form an essential part of what is going on when language is taught.(3 points)The third generalization concerns the diversity of language behavior in the classroom. Sociolinguistic factors such as gender, class, and ethnicity play a significant role in the language-learning processes of children at school. Interactional sociolinguistics in modern education settings provides a perspective which makes possible the exploration of the relationship of different discursive practices of language varieties.(3 points)

【答案解析】解析：考查语言与社会的关系。语言来源于社会，它担负着人类思维、社会交流等重任，社会又通过各种方式扩展语言，使其内涵更为丰富，我们可以从他们的相互作用来看他们的相互关系。在语言与社会的相互关系这个问题上，首先值得注意的是，社会的变动往往要引起语言和社会之间的矛盾。这一矛盾，是语言发展变化的催化剂，是新词语得以产生的一个基础。本题还考查语言与社会之间的关系对于语言学习和教学的影响。社会与语言之间的相互作用要求在外语教学过程中不仅要看到所教授的语言本身，而且要看到与语言相关的社会因素：语言的社会文化背景、民族特点、地域特点，交际者的社会、职业、年龄、性别特点，交际者之间的角色关系，所要完成的交际任务等；通过把语言与这些因素相联系来确定教学目标，如提高学生的外语交际能力，设计教学程序、确定教学方法、完成外语教学任务。