填空题. There are several possible relationships between language and society. One is that social structure may either influence or determine linguistic structure and behavior. Certain evidence may support this view: age-grading phenomenon 21 whereby young children speak differently from older children and, in a turn, children speak differently from mature adults; studies 22 which show that the varieties of language that speakers use reflect such matters like their regional, social, or ethnic origin and possibly 23 even their sex (or gender); and other studies which show that particular ways of speaking, choices of words, and even rules for conversing are in fact highly determined by certain social requirements. A second possible relationship is directly opposed the first: 24 linguistic structure and behavior may either influence or determine social structure. A third possible relationship is that the influence is hi-direc- tional: language and society may influence each other. A fourth possibility is to assume that there is no relationship at all between linguistic structure and social structure and that every is 25 independent of the other. A variant of this possibility would be to say that, because there might be some such relationship, present attempts 26 to characterize it is essentially premature, given what we know about 27 both language and society. Actually, this variant view appears to be the one which Chomsky himself holds: he prefers to develop an 28 asocial linguistics as a preliminary to many other kind of linguistics, 29 such an asocial approach being, in his view, logically superior. 30