The United States has a major problem on its hands. The only way to solve it is through education. Negroes(黑人)should know about the contributions that black individuals and groups have made towards building America. This is of vital importance for their self-respect: and it is perhaps even more important for white people to know. For if you believe that a man has no history worth mentioning, it is easy to assume that he has no value as a man.
Many people believe that, since the Negro' s achievements do not appear in the history books, he did not have any. Most people are taken aback when they learn that Negroes sailed with Columbus, marched with the Spanish conquerors of South America and fought side by side with white Americans in all their wars. People are astonished when you tell them about Phillis Wheatley, who learned English as a salve in Boston and wrote first-class poetry. They have never heard of Benjamin Banneker, a mathematician and a surveyor, who helped to plan the city of Washington. There has been a tendency all along to treat the black man as if he were invisible. Little has been written about the 5 ,000 American Negroes who fought in the Revolution against the British, but they were in every important battle.
How, then, did the image of the Negro as a valiant fighting man disappear? To justify the hideous institution of slavery, slave-holders had to create the myth of the docile, slow-witted Negro, incapable of self-improvement, and even contented with his lot. Nothing could be further from the truth. The slave fought for his freedom at every chance he got, and there were numerous uprisings. Yet the myth of docility persisted.
There are several other areas where the truth has been twisted or concealed. Most people have heard of the Negro, Carver, who invented scores of new uses for the lowly peanut. But whoever heard of Norbert Rillieux, who in 1846 invented a vacuum pan that revolutionized the sugar-refining industry? Or of Elijah McCoy, who in 1872 invented the drip cup that feeds oil to the moving parts of heavy machinery?
As for the winning of the West, the black cowboy and the black frontiersman have been almost ignored, though film producers are becoming more aware of their importance. Yet in the typical trail crew of eight men that drove cattle from Texas to Kansas, at least two would have been Negroes. The black troops of the Ninth and Tenth Cavalry formed one-fifth of all the mounted troops assigned to protect the frontier after the Civil War. "What difference does it make?" you may ask. A lot. The cowboy is the American folk-hero. Youngsters identify with him instantly. The average cowboy film is really a kind of morality play, with good guys and bad guys and right finally triumphing over wrong. You should see the amazement and happiness on black youngsters' faces when they learn that their ancestors really had a part in all that.
单选题 According to the passage, education on Negroes' contributions to America______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】根据题干中的关键词education，Negroes’contributions，将本题定位于第1段。第1段在谈论黑人对美国的贡献时说：“解决这个问题的唯一途径是教育。黑人应该知道黑人个体以及团体在建设．美国的过程中所做的贡献。这对于他们的自尊心至关重要……”其中，“对于他们的自尊心至关重要”解释了为什么需要教育黑人，让他们知道黑人曾对美国做出了贡献。A项中confidence of their value是原文中their self-respect的同义转述，由此可见A项符合文意，故为答案A(有利于树立黑人对自身价值的信心)。B项(证明了他们对建设国家所做的贡献)不是根本原因，只是为了树立黑人的信心的一种手段，故排除；C项(是课程教育中的一项重大任务)，文中并没有提及其重要性有多大，只是暗示要在教育中加入这一内容，故排除；D项过于绝对，采取这种措施不可能会获得如此大的效果，故排除。
单选题 Although Benjamin Banneker dedicated a lot to his country, he______.
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】根据题干中的关键词Benjamin Banneker，将本题定位于第2段第4句。第2段的首句是本段的主题句，指出：“很多人都认为，既然黑人所取得的成就没有出现在历史书里，那么他们就没有任何成就。”接着在第4句以Benjamin Banneker为例，指出：“他们从未听说过本杰明-班纳克，这位数学家兼测量员帮助规划了华盛顿市。”由此可见，他不为人知的原因是历史书中未提及，故答案为C(历史书中并未提及过他)。A、B两项文中并未提及；对于D项，他的成就是被人忽视的，而非自己忽视的，故排除。
单选题 Negroes' negative impressions on people______.
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】根据题干中的关键词negative impressions，将本题定位到第3段第2句。本句意为：“为了要给丑恶的奴隶制度正名，奴隶主就得塑造出顺从、笨拙、无法自我完善且安于天命的不实的黑人形象。”由此可知，有关黑人顺从、笨拙等的负面印象是由奴隶主编造出来的，这种印象是错误的。故答案为B(被证明是错误的)。文中提到，黑人的负面形象是奴隶主编造的，而非他们自身的行为造成的，故排除A项；C项错在copied，文中是create，故排除；D项文中并未提及，故排除。
单选题 According to the author, examples such as Rillieux and McCoy______.
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】根据题干中的关键词Rillieux，McCoy，将本题定位到第4段的第3、4句。该段以黑人的各种发明成果例证了黑人在发明方面的创造力。第3、4句具体讲述了题干中两位黑人的发明成果。本段多次使用了invent的各种词性，突出了黑人在发明创造方面的才能。故答案为D(证明黑人在发明创造方面有很大的天赋)。A选项太过绝对，不可能所有黑人都很有才干，故排除；文中列举这两个例子只是为了显示很多黑人也很有创造力，并非为了鼓励他们进行更多的发明创造，故排除B项；C项中的economic development文中根本没有提及，故排除。
单选题 Black youngsters are happy to see Negroes on the screen because______.
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】根据题干中的关键词black youngsters，happy，screen，将本题定位到最后一段。从最后一段可知，黑人牛仔及黑人拓荒者的贡献都被忽视了。黑人青年乐于在屏幕上看到他们的祖先也同样是极具传奇英雄色彩的美国牛仔，原因是他们对其祖先曾做过的贡献感到自豪，故答案为A(他们为自己的祖先参与塑造美国英雄形象而感到自豪)。B项(他们因看到自己的祖先与美国白种人并肩骑行而激动)，文中用的是amazement和happiness，而非thrill(激动)，而且黑人青年看到荧幕上的黑人时，心情主要是自豪，而非激动，故排除；C项(他们为黑人有权参演电影而兴奋)，黑人青年的关注点并非是参演电影的权利，而是电影的内容，故排除；D项(他们因发现自己的祖先和白种人一样强壮和迷人而惊讶)，文中没有提到黑人韵体格，而且这也并非黑人青年关注的焦点，故排除。