A、 How ancient philosophers measured the distance between heavenly bodies.
B、 How ancient philosophers explained the cause of an eclipse of the Moon.
C、 Why ancient philosophers thought the Earth was a sphere.
D、 Why ancient philosophers thought the Earth moved around the Sun.

【正确答案】 C

【答案解析】解析：主旨题。从文章前两句可知，在古代人们认为地球是扁平圆盘状，但是古希腊的哲学家们提出了反对这个观点的两个论据。接着文章就详细阐述了古希腊哲学家的两个论据论据。最后，文章讲述了古希腊哲学家们测量地球的数据。综上可知，古希腊哲学家们认为地球是一个球体。因此，正确答案为C。

A、 How the natural world was described in Greek mythology.
B、 What they observed directly.
C、 The writings of philosophers from other societies.
D、 Measurements made with scientific instruments.

【正确答案】 B

【答案解析】解析：细节题。根据Direct observations of heavenly bodies was the basis of both these arguments．可知古希腊哲学家们的论点是基于对天体的直接观察。因此，正确答案为B。

A、 They noticed an apparent change in the position of the North Star.
B、 They observed eclipses at different times of the year.
C、 They were the first to estimate the distance between heavenly bodies.
D、 They wanted to prove that the Earth was flat.

【正确答案】 A

【答案解析】解析：细节题。根据The second argument was based on what the Greeks saw during their travels．They noticedthat the North Star appeared lower in the sky when they traveled south可知，正确答案为A。