Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage.
【真题来源：2012年12月大学英语四级真题（第一套）Part Ⅳ，Section B，第57-61题】
Passage One
As you are probably aware, the latest job markets news isn't good: Unemployment is still more than 9 percent, and new job growth has fallen close to zero. That's bad for the economy, of course. And it may be especially discouraging if you happen to be looking for a job or hoping to change careers right now. But it actually shouldn't matter to you nearly as much as you think.
That's because job growth numbers don't matter to job hunters as much as job turnover （人员更替） data. After all, existing jobs open up every day due to promotions, resignations, terminations（解雇）, and retirements. (Yes, people are retiring even in this economy.) In both good times and bad, turnover creates more openings than economic growth does. Even in June of 2007, when the economy was still moving ahead, job growth was only 132,000, while turnover was 4.7 million!
And as it turns out, even today — with job growth near zero — over 4 million job hunters are being hired every month.
I don't mean to imply that overall job growth doesn't have an impact on one's ability to land a job. It's true that if total employment were higher, it would mean more jobs for all of us to choose from (and compete for). And it's true that there are currently more people applying for each available job opening, regardless of whether it's a new one or not.
But what often distinguishes those who land jobs from those who don't is their ability to stay motivated. They're willing to do the hard work of identifying their valuable skills; be creative about where and how to look; learn how to present themselves to potential employers; and keep going, even after repeated rejections. The Bureau of Labor Statistics data shows that 2.7 million people who wanted and were available for work hadn't looked within the last four weeks and were no longer even classified as unemployed.
So don't let the headlines fool you into giving up. Four million people get hired every month in the U.S. You can be one of them.
The author tends to believe that high unemployment rate ________.
定位：根据题干中的high unemployment rate定位至第1段。
本题询问作者对高失业率的看法。第1段开头说最新的就业形势并不好；倒数第2句提到，如果刚好在找工作(be looking for a job)，形势可能会特别令人沮丧；最后一句用But转折说明影响其实并没有想象中那么大(actually shouldn't matter)。C使用了与末句相同的表达(should not)，意为高失业率“不应阻碍人们找工作”，与原文相符。
高失业率本身描述的就是“很多人没有工作”，而并非造成“让很多人失去工作机会”(A项)的原因，因此排除；B“阻止了很多人换工作”中的changing careers在第1段倒数第2句提到，原文用if条件句假设，说如果要换工作的话，形势可能会令人特别沮丧，实际作者要说明的观点在But之后，即就业形势的影响不大；D“并不意味着美国经济在变差”与第2句中的bad for the economy意思相反。
Where do most job openings come from?
定位：根据题干中的job openings定位至第2段第4句。
本题询问大多数职位空缺源自何处。第2段第4句明确提到人员流动(turnover)所创造的新职位要比经济增长(economic growth)所创造的要多。B项Job turnover等同于该句中的turnover，故正确。
从第2段第1句可知，新增职位数量(job growth numbers)没有人员流动量对求职者的影响那么大，第2段最后一句也用数据对比说明新增职位(job growth)创造的职位空缺很少，因此排除A；第2段第4句说明经济增长没有人员流动创造的新职位多，故C项“经济增长”排除：D项“业务发展”也许会带来新增职位(job growth)，但原文明确指出turnover带来的职位空缺更多。
What does the author say about overall job growth?
定位：根据题干中的overall job growth定位至第4段。
本题询问作者对于整体职位增长的看法。文章在第2、3段都谈到了职位增长(job growth)的影响：第2段第1句说到职位增长没有人员更替对求职者的影响大，最后一句用数据说明在2007年经济形势好的情况下，职位增长带来的职位空缺也不是特别多；第3段说即使现在职位增长为零，每个月都会有400万个求职者找到工作。第4段第1句作者用双重否定指出，这并不是说整体的职位增长对个人就业没有影响。言下之意是，整体职位增长对求职者有一定影响，但影响不大，A“对单个求职者影响不大”与此相符。
从第2、3段可知整体职位增长因经济形势好坏有少有多；第4段第2句作者用虚拟语气指出，如果总体就业率更高(if total employment were higher)，人们会有更多的工作可以选择。但B“增加了人们对经济的信心”和C“给失业者带来一线希望”都把就业率更高( higher)这个条件推广至可多可少的整体职位增长，故不对；文章并没有提到D项job security(工作保障)跟“总的职位增长”的关系，故排除。
What is the key to landing a job according to the author?
定位：根据题干中的landing a job定位至第5段第1句。
本题询问作者认为找到工作的关键是什么。第5段第1句用distinguish... from的表达把那些找到工作的人与找不到的人区别开来，该句表语部分stay motivated(坚持积极进取)就是答案所在，对应C项persistence(坚持)。
第5段第2句举例具体说明如何stay motivated：愿意从事体现自己宝贵技能的辛苦工作；愿意寻找新颖的求职途径和方法；愿意学习如何向可能的雇主表现自己；愿意不断向前。其中并没有提到他们在教育(education)、智慧(intelligence)或经验(experience)等方面的内容，可排除A、B、D。
What do we learn from the passage about the unemployment figures in the U.S.?
定位：根据题干中的unemployment figures定位至第1段第1句和第5段最后一句。
本题询问我们可从文中了解到有关美国失业数据的什么信息。文中有两处提及unemployment的相关数据：一是开篇说失业率为9%以上；二是第5段最后一句提到美国劳工统计局的数据显示，过去四周有270万本可以找到工作而不去找的人不再归为失业者。由此可知失业数据没有计算这270万不去找工作的人，D项“排除了那些已不再找工作的人”是原文的同义表达，exclude对应no longer even classified as。
作者开头提及失业率，是说明最近的就业形势不好(isn't good)，A“明确指出经济有多么健康”与此相反。第5段最后一句作者提到本可以找到工作的270万人没有去找工作，是说明他们不积极，印证该段第1句提出的观点：即个人能否找到工作在于是否坚持积极进取。因此B“向公众提供最新信息”和C“对经济中的结构问题提出警告”都与这两处数据说明的主题无关，且无原文依据。