【正确答案】正确答案：In Speech Act Theory, performatives do not describe things and cannot be said to be true or false. The uttering of these sentences is, or is a part of, the doing of an action.(2 points)For example; If a person shouts "watch out" , he or she is doing the action of warning. If one says "I promise to finish it in time" , he or she is making a promise. Both the warning and the promise cannot be considered as true or false, but they can be measured against the felicity conditions.(3 points) Constatives are descriptions which assert something that is either true or false.(2 points)For example; One says " it is raining outside". It is a description of the current weather. The hearer can look out to see whether the statement is true.(3 points)

【答案解析】解析：考查施为句和叙事句。奥斯汀的言语行为理论区分了两种句子：施为句和叙事句。施为句不描述事物，说出这些句子的同时就实施了某种行为。施为句不可以判断真假，而是要根据合适的条件来判断是否适宜。叙事句主要是描述事物，有真假之分。