翻译题
The hype over MOOCs (Massive Open Online Courses) peaked five years ago. 【F1】Salman Khan, an investment analyst who had begun teaching bite-sized lessons to his cousin over the internet and turned that activity into a wildly popular educational resource, was splashed on the cover of Forbes. The founder of another MOOC called Udacity predicted in an interview that within 50 years the number of universities would collapse to just ten worldwide. The NewYork Times declared 2012 the year of the MOOC. 【F2】The sheer numbers of people flocking to some of the initial courses seemed to suggest that an entirely new model of open access, free university education was within reach. In their search for a business model, some platforms are now focusing much more squarely on employment. 【F3】Udacity has launched a series of nanodegrees in tech-focused courses that range from the basic to the cutting-edge and it has done so, moreover, in partnership with employers. A course on Android was developed with Google; a nanodegree in self-driving cars uses instructors from Mercedes-Benz, Nvidia and others. Students pay $199-299 a month for as long as it takes them to finish the course (typically six to nine months) and get a 50% rebate if they complete it within a year. Udacity also offers a souped-up version of its nanodegree for an extra $100 a month, along with a money-back guarantee if graduates do not find a job within six months. These are still early days. Coursera does not give out figures on its paying learners; Udacity says it has 13,000 people doing its nanodegrees. Whatever the arithmetic, the reinvented MOOCs matter because they are solving two problems they share with every provider of later-life education. The first of these is the cost of learning, not just in money but also in time. Formal education rests on the idea of qualifications that take a set period to complete. 【F4】In America the deep-seated notion of "seat time", the amount of time that students spend with school teachers or university professors, dates back to Andrew Carnegie. It was originally intended as an eligibility requirement for teachers to draw a pension from the industrialist's original pension scheme for college faculty. Students in their early 20s can more easily afford a lengthy time commitment because they are less likely to have other responsibilities. 【F5】Although millions of people do manage part-time or distance learning in later life—one-third of all working students currently enrolled in America are 30-54 years old—balancing learning, working and family life can cause enormous pressures.
【答案解析】①本句为主从复合句。现在分词短语flocking…courses作后置定语，修饰people，说明“人们蜂拥挤入一些初创慕课课程”，that引导的从句作宾语。②在宾语从句中of open access作后置定语修饰an entirely new model。free university education作an entirely new model of open access的同位语，具体说明这种全新的开放课程模式是什么。
【答案解析】①本句为主从复合句，句首的介词短语作状语，说明地点。the amount of time．．．professors为同位语，具体解释“seat time”的内容，说明“seat time”即“学生与学校老师或大学教授相处的时间量”，该同位语中又包含that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词time，限定说明是怎样的时间。②主句中包含date back to短语，该短语意为“可以追溯到……”。
【答案解析】①本句为主从复合句，句首的Although引导让步状语从句，而主句部分与从句之间存在转折关系，强调平衡学习、工作和家庭生活会产生巨大的压力。②两个破折号之间的内容可视为插入语，是对Although引导的从句的解释。过去分词短语enrolled in America作后置定语，修饰working students，指“半工半读的学生”。主句的主语为动名词短语balancing learning，working and family life；cause pressure意为“产生压力”。