Passage Two
Industrial fishing for krill in the unspoiled waters around Antarctica is threatening the future of one of the world's last great wildernesses, according to a new report.
The study by Greenpeace analyzed the movements of krill fishing vessels in the region and found they were increasingly operating “in the immediate vicinity of penguin colonies and whale feeding grounds”. It also highlights incidents of fishing boats being involved in groundings, oil spills and accidents, which it said posed a serious threat to the Antarctic ecosystem.
The report, published on Tuesday, comes amid growing concern about the impact of fishing and climate change on the Antarctic. A global campaign has been launched to create a network of ocean sanctuaries to protect the seas in the region and Greenpeace is calling for an immediate halt to fishing in areas being considered for sanctuary status.
Frida Bengtsson from Greenpeace's Protect the Antarctic campaign, said: “If the krill industry wants to show it's a responsible player, then it should be voluntarily getting out of any area which is being proposed as an ocean sanctuary, and should instead be backing the protection of these huge tracts of the Antarctic.”
A global campaign has been launched to turn a huge tract of Antarctic seas into ocean sanctuaries, protecting wildlife and banning all fishing. One was created in the Ross Sea in 2016, another reserve is being proposed in a vast area of the Weddell Sea, and a third sanctuary is under consideration in the area west of the Antarctic peninsula—a key krill fishing area.
The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) manages the seas around Antarctica. It will decide on the Weddell Sea sanctuary proposal at a conference in Australia in October, although a decision on the peninsula sanctuary is not expected until later.
Keith Reid, a science manager at CCAMLR said the organization sought “a balance between protection, conservation and sustainable fishing in the Southern Ocean.” He said although more fishing was taking place nearer penguin colonies it was often happening later in the season when these colonies were empty.
“The creation of a system of marine protected areas is a key part of ongoing scientific and policy discussions in CCAMLR,” he added, “Our long-term operation in the region depends on a healthy and thriving Antarctic marine ecosystem, which is why we have always had an open dialogue with the environmental NGOs. We strongly intend to continue this dialogue, including talks with Greenpeace, to discuss improvements based on the latest scientific data. We are not the ones to decide on establishment of marine protected areas, but we hope to contribute positively with our knowledge and experience.”
What does Greenpeace's study find about krill fishing?
文章第二段第一句提到了绿色和平组织的研究结果：该研究“分析了该地区磷虾渔船的活动情况，发现它们越来越多地‘在企鹅栖息地和鲸鱼饲养场附近’作业” 。由此可知，选项C是对第二段第一句的同义转述，故为正确答案。选项A 、B在文中没有提到，故均排除。选项D是出题人根据第二段最后 一句中的“ posed a serious threat to the Antarctic ecosystem” 设置的干扰项，原文提到捕捞磷虾对南极洲的生态系统而不是南极洲周围的野生动物造成威胁。
For what purpose has a global campaign been launched?
本题是一个细节题。文章第三段第二句提到：“ 一项全球运动已经启动，旨在建立一个海洋保护区网络，以保护该地区的海洋，绿色和平组织呼吁立即停止在被视为保护区的地区捕鱼。” 由此可知， 选项B是对该部分内容的同义转述，故为正确答案。其他三个选项是出题人根据原文中的个别词语设置的干扰项，很容易排除。
What is Greenpeace's recommendation to the krill industry?
文章第四段提到，来自绿色和平组织“保护南极运动”的弗里达·本特森说：“如果磷虾产业想证明自己是一个负责任的参与者，那么它就应该自愿离开任何被提议作为海洋保护区的地区，并且应该支持对南极的这些大片地区的保护。” 由此可知，选项A 是对该段的同义转述，故为正确答案。其中原文中的be voluntarily getting out of对应选项A中的Opting to operate away ,原文中的being proposed as an ocean sanctuary对应选项A中的suggested conservation areas。其他三个选项是出题人根据原文中的个别词语设置的干扰项 ，很容易排除 。
What did CCAMLR aim to do according to its science manager?
文章第七段提到，该组织寻求“在南大洋的保护、养保和可持续捕捞之间取得平衡”。“该组织”就是指南极海生委，“在南大洋的保护、养保和可持续捕捞之间取得平衡”就是指在保护南极洲生态系统和商业捕鱼之间取得平衡，换句话说，就是在不破坏南极生态系统的情况下继续捕鱼。由此可知， 选项D是对该句话的同义转述，故为正确答案。文中没有提到公众对南极物种脆弱性的认识的内容，故排除选项A 。选项B 的表述有问题，全球运动禁止的是在海洋保护区捕捞，而不是整个南大洋。选项C是出题者根据第七段最后一句话设置的干扰项，也应排除。
How does CCAMLR define its role in the conservation of the Antarctic environment?
文章最后一段围绕南极海生委的作用展开叙述，其中最后一句提到，我们不是决定建立海洋保护区的人，但我们希望以我们的知识和经验做出积极的贡献。由此可知，选项C是对该句话的同义转述，故为正确答案。最后一段首句提到“建立海洋保护区制度是南极海生委正在进行的科学和政策讨论的一个关键部分” ，但不能由此推出南极海生委是政策讨论的协调员，故排除选项A 。选项B 、D在文中没有 提到，很容易排除。