单选题
In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken, not written. In the schools of ancient Greece and Rome, testing usually consisted of saying poetry aloud or giving speeches. In the European universities of the Middle Ages, students who were working for advanced degrees had to discuss questions in their field of study with people who had made a special study of the subject. This custom exists today as part of the process of testing candidates for the doctor's degree. Generally, however, modern examinations are written. The written examination, where all students are tested on the same question, was probably not known until the nineteenth century. Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry. A room full of candidates for a state examination, timed exactly by electric clocks and carefully watched over by managers, resembles a group of workers at an automobile factory. Generally, during examinations teachers and students are expected to act like machines. One type of test is sometimes called an "objective" test. It is intended to deal with facts, not personal opinions. To make up an objective test the teacher writes a series of questions, each of which has only one correct answer. Along with each question the teacher writes the correct answer and also three statements that look like correct answers to students who have not learned the material properly.
单选题
Which of the following is true according to the text? A. In ancient times the most important examinations were written. B. In the Middle Ages students never had examinations. C. In ancient times students specialized in giving speeches never spoke exams. D. In the Middle Ages the most important examinations were not written.
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】依据第一段第一句话In ancient times the most important examinations were spoken，not written．“在古代，最重要的考试都是口试，没有笔试。”因此D是唯一正确的答案。
单选题
The main idea of paragraph 3 is that ______. A. modern industry is developing B. the population has grown C. there are only written exams D. examinations are now written and timed
【正确答案】
D
【答案解析】第三段第一句话Generally，however，modern examinations are written，“一般来讲，现在的考试都是笔试”随后又谈到“所有的考生在一个房间，规定时间，有监考老师。”所以D是正确答案。
单选题
The kind of exams where students must select answers are ______. A. personal B. spoken C. objective D. written
单选题
Modern industry must have developed ______. A. before the Middle Ages B. around the 19th century C. in Greece or Rome D. machines to take tests
【正确答案】
B
【答案解析】在文章的第三段可以找到答案。“The written examination was not known until the nineteenth century．Perhaps it came into existence with the great increase in population and the development of modern industry．”可能是由于人口的增加和现代工业的发展，直到19世纪笔试才为大家所知。说明十九世纪现代工业已经发展了。
单选题
It may be concluded that testing ______. A. should test only opinions B. should always be written C. has changed since the Middle Ages D. is given only in factories