问答题 Surveys have shown that most football and basketball injuries involve the knee, either through twisting or through application of lateral force. Surgery for such injuries has become much simpler with the invention of a thin device containing a fiber optics light that can be inserted into a thin slit in the knee. Repair can be accomplished through this narrow opening. Long-distance runners also suffer knee injuries, but a more common problem for runners is stress fracture, which is a weakening of the front of the shinbone caused by overuse, with pain and possible bone cracking as the result. Ligament tears are more common in gymnastics. Almost all these conditions heal with rest. Prevention of injuries depends primarily on good conditioning. Athletes are also protected by the use of better padding materials and of face masks and eye protectors in rough sports.
The improper or illegal use of drugs and substances for the temporary improvement of athletic performance in competitions has been a frequent subject of inquiry since the 1960s, when drug misuse by athletes to gain an unfair advantage began to rise dramatically. Anabolic steroids supposedly improve strength and endurance, but they can also have harmful side effects as liver damage. Tests for drugs such as heroin and other stimulants were introduced at the Olympic Games in 1968. Anabolic steroids were not banned until 1974, when a suitable test was developed. The illegality of some drugs has not been accepted by a number of other international and national amateur athletic federations, for reasons including testing uncertainties, doubts about banning certain medicinal substances or common drugs such as caffeine, and simple lack of concern. Controversy has also arisen over the legality of the practice of "blood doping," in which an athlete receives a blood transfusion just before an event. The resulting increase in red blood cells apparently increases the athlete"s aerobic power.

问答题 In addition to knee injuries, what will also heal with rest?

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【答案解析】Stress fracture and ligament tears．[解析] 根据第一段中的Long-distance runners also suffer knee injuries，but a more common problem for runners is stress fracture，which is a weakening of the front of the shinbone caused by overuse，with pain and possible bone cracking as the result．Ligament tears are more common in gymnastics．Almost all these conditions heal with rest可知，通过休息就能复原的损伤包括长跑运动员容易产生的应力性骨折，以及体操运动中常见的韧带撕裂等。

问答题 What does the word "slit" in Pars. 1 most probably mean?

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【答案解析】Narrow opening．[解析] 根据这句话以及后面的a fiber optics light that can be inserted into a thin slit in the knee．Repair can be accomplished through this narrow opening可知，this narrow opening指a thin slit in the knee。

问答题 When were the tests for drugs used at the Olympic Games?

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【答案解析】In 1968．[解析] 根据第二段中的Tests for drugs such as heroin and other stimulants were introduced at the Olympic Games in 1968可知，奥运会在1968年开始对药品进行检测。

问答题 According to the passage, drug misuse by athletes is considered as ______.

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【答案解析】gaining an unfair advantage in competitions[解析] 根据第二段第一句话中的…when drug misuse by athletes to gain an unfair advantage began to rise dramatically可知，运动员滥用药物被认为是在比赛中获取不公平的有利条件。

问答题 Controversy arises over the illegality of some common drugs due to ______.

【正确答案】

【答案解析】testing uncertainties, doubts about banning certain medicinal substances or common drugs such as caffeine，and simple lack of concern[解析] 根据第二段中的The illegality of some drugs has not been accepted by a number of other international and national amateur athletic federations，for reasons including testing uncertainties，doubts about banning certain medicinal substances or common drugs such as caffeine，and simple lack of concern可知，一些普通药物的违法性引发争议的原因包括检测有不确定性，质疑禁用咖啡因等一些药用物质或普通药品，以及简单地只是不关心此问题。