单选题 Most students are usually introduced to the study of history by way of a fat textbook and be-come quickly immersed in a vast sea of names, dates, events, and statistics. The students" skills are then tested by examinations that require them to show how much of the data they remember. From this experience a number of conclusions seem obvious: the study of history is the study of "facts" about the past; the more "facts" you know, the better you are as a student of history. But in this way students may become confused upon discovering that historians often disagree sharply. They discover that historians dealing with the same event may come to quite different conclusions about it.
Obviously, there is no easy solution to this problem. Historians disagree because each histo-rian views the past from a particular perspective. Once students grasp this, they have taken the first step toward being able to evaluate the work of various historians. But before they can take this first step, students must consider a problem they have more or less taken for granted. They must ask themselves what history really is.
The word history has several meanings. In its broadest sense, it denotes the whole of the hu-man past. More restricted is the notion that history is the recorded past, that is, that part of hu-man life which has left some sort of record such as folk tales, artifacts, or written documents. Fi-nally, history may be defined as that which historians write about the past.
单选题 What is the meaning of the word "fat" in Line 1?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】文中第一段第一句说:“在对历史的学习上大部分学生通常是通过一本fat教科书入门的,随后便沉浸在数不清的名字、日期、事件和统计数字之中。”此处的“fat”只能理解为“thick”的意思,这样才能与原句的“沉浸在……巨大的海洋中”相吻合。
单选题 What do most history teachers require their students to do, according to the first paragraph?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】文中第一段第二句说:“学生的技能随后在考试中得到检测,这种考试就是要看看他们记住了多少史实。”由此可以推断出,选项D符合文意。
单选题 Why do students become confused?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】文中第一段最后两句说:“但是当学生们采用这种方法进行历史学习时,他们会发现历史学家的观点时常是尖锐对立的,这也许会令他们困惑不解。他们发现历史学家在研究同样的事件时也许会得出完全不同的结论。”由此看出,选项C正确。
单选题 Why do historians disagree with each other?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】文中第二段、第三段对历史学家之间的分歧进行了解释:(1)历史学家总是从各自不同的角度去看待同一历史事件的;(2)历史学家对历史的含义有各自不同的理解,他们总是按自己对历史含义的理解去书写历史。由此可以推出选项B符合作者的本意。选项A和C文中均未提到。
单选题 Which of the following statements is NOT perfectly true?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】在文中,作者是这样展开论述的:大部分学生学习历史就是记住历史“事实”,然而在对待这些“事实”上,历史学家却有各自不同的理解和解释,因为他们各自的视角和历史观都是不同的,但学生们会为此困惑不解的。因此,要想真正弄清历史,学生们必须问自己历史究竟是什么。选项A、B、D都符合文章的内容,唯有选项C文中没有提及。