单选题 {{B}}Passage Four{{/B}}
Before the summer of 2000, the 54 year old John Haughom could accomplish just about any thing at work. "I could move mountains if I put my mind to it."he says of those days. But that summer Haughom found he couldn't move them any more. On the phone with his wife one morn ing, Haughom broke down. A couple of days later Haughom checked himself in for a three-week stay at the Professional Renewal Center, an in-patient clinic 30 miles outside Kansas City that helps him deal with stress.
Haughom is far from alone. A host of new studies and plenty of anecdotal evidence show that stress in the workplace is skyrocketing. Whatever the cause, stress levels are at record highs. The statistics are startling. According to a new study by the federal government's Nation al Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, more than half the working people in the U.S. view job stress as a major problem in their lives. This year the European Community officially dubbed stress the second-biggest occupational-health problem facing the continent.
Ten years ago experts warned that stress was out of control, in part because of a shaky economy. What's notable about today's wave of stressed-out workers is that it rises all the way to the top. Lack of control is generally considered one of the biggest job stressors, so it used to be thought that middle managers carried the brunt: sandwiched between the top and the bottom, they end up with little authority. Powerful chief executive officers (CEOs) were seen as the least threatened by stress. But in today's tough economy, top executives don't have as much control as they used to. "Stress is just part of the job, fortunately or unfortunately, stress'is part of our character building," Lebenthal says. "But I think I don't need any more character building. What I need is a vacation."
But if you think that going on vacation is hard—and studies show that 85%of corporate executives don't use all the time off they're entitled to. Being able to handle stress is perhaps the most basic of job expectations. So among the corporate elite, succumbing to it is considered a shameful weakness. Stress has become the last affliction that people won't dare admit to. Most senior executives who are undergoing treatment for stress—and even many who aren't—refused to talk on the record about the topic."Nothing good can come out of having your name in a story like this," one CEO said through his therapist.
单选题 What is this passage mainly about?
【正确答案】 D
【答案解析】主旨题。文章由霍夫穆紧张的情况谈起,讲述了压力疾病在急剧增长。欧共体今年正式把压力称为欧洲大陆面临的第二大职业卫生问题。普遍认为缺乏控制是一个最大的职业紧张性刺激,所以它在过去常常被认为是中层经理们首当其冲得的病。压力成了人们最后一个不敢承认的苦恼。因此,正确答案是D“压力问题日趋严重”。A“日趋严重的工作场所缺乏”与文章无关。B“世界上第二大疾病”也与原文不符,因为文章说“欧共体今年正式把压力称为欧洲大陆面临的第二大职业卫生问题”,但不是第二大疾病。C“人们面临的最严重的问题”也不具体。
单选题 What does the sentence "He is far from alone" mean?
【正确答案】 B
【答案解析】句意+上下文理解。从文章上下文可以看出,这句话的意思是得这种压力疾病的并非霍夫穆一人,许多中层经理、高级经理都面临着压力的威胁,所以正确答案是B。A是说霍夫穆虽然是一个人生活,但并没有说他孤独,“alone'’的意思是“独自一人”。C“霍夫穆离他独自一人工作的办公室很远”曲解了原文的意思,而且“far from'’在文中的意思是“远远不”,而不是“远离”。D与文章不符。
单选题 What is the European Community's attitude toward stress?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】细节题。文章第二段最后—句活“欧共体今年正式把把紧张称为欧洲大陆面临的第二大职业卫生问题”,说明压力是最严重的职业病之一。因此,正确答案是C。A“压力是人们应该没法应付的一种疾病”不正确,因为原文指出,压力是一种职业病,而不是普通人得的病,况且这也不是欧共体的态度。B也不是欧共体的态度。D“压力是所有人面临的一个主要问题”也不完全正确,紧张不是每个人都面临的,而是职业者容易得的一种病。
单选题 Why are middle managers regarded as the most threatened by stress?
【正确答案】 C
【答案解析】细节题。文章第三段指出,普遍认为得小到控制是一个最大的职业紧张性刺激,所以它在过去常常被认为是中层经理们首当其冲得的病——他们夹在顶层上司和下层职员之间,而最终几乎没有什么权威。这说明中层经理对公司局势没有什么权力。因此,正确答案是C。A与原文不符,文中指出,总经理已不像以往那样对局势有更大的权力。B“他们无法应付压力”在文章中没有提到。D“他们更需要性格发展”也与原文无关。
单选题 The CEO's statement in the last sentence of this passage implies that
【正确答案】 A
【答案解析】推断题。文章最后一段指出,在公司的掌权人物当中,屈从于压力被认为是丢脸的缺点。大多数正治疗压力疾病的高级经理们不愿意让人把他们对这一话题的谈话记录在案。一位总经理通过他的治疗专家说:“让你的名字像这样记录在案没有任何好处。”这位总经理的话暗示了压力成了人们最后一个不敢承认的禁忌。所以,正确答案是A。B是文章指明的,而不是暗示。C“公司经理没有勇气承认他们的压力”并不是暗示,也说明不了什么问题。从这位总经理的话中,我们无法推断出D。